Childhood Flashcards
Pilcher 1995
State of separateness: Golden age of childhood, needs protection. Laws and dress distinguish.
WAGG 1992
Childhood is not universal but relative. Social construct not natural.
Who supports Wagg’s 1992 theory of relativity?
Benedict’s 1934 study. Children in non industrial society treated differently.
Holmes 1974
In Samoan society, too young not an excuse.
Punch 2001
Bolivia take on work without questions at 5yrs old.
Firth 1970
Tikopian society, obedience is child concession.
Malinowski 1957
Tolerance and amused interest in children’s sexual activity
Who says that there was no childhood in the Middle Ages?
Aries 1960
What did Aries base her study on?
Art.
C13th progression, schools by church
C17th clothes distinction
C18th handbook on raising children- cult of childhood.
Who agrees with Aries?
Shorter 1975
High Death rates = neglect of children = no childhood march of progress
Who opposes Aries?
Pollock 1983 childhood exist but different
Why has childhood changed?
Donzelot 1977 - child development in health in C19th. Health seen as different so seen as different.
Children’s right
Smaller family size
Industrialisation
Laws- 1989 Children’s Act. Fundamental compulsory school, no child labour.
Who holds the march of progress view towards education?
Shorter
De Mause- past nightmare for children
Aries
How does IMR support the march of progress view?
1900 154 IMR
2008 5 IMR
Children are now an emotional and financial investment, less children, higher quality.
How does state spending support the concept of child centredness?
64 billion 2007/08
Conflict view and gender
Hillman 1993 - boys have greater freedom.
Brannen 1994- 15-16yrs girls in Asian families very strict.
Bonke 1999- girls do 5x more domestic labour in single parent families.
Class and conflict view of childhood.
Woodrofe 1993 - children of unskilled worker 3x more likely to have hyperactivity, 4x conduct disorders.
Howard 2001- Poor more likely to have illness, IMR, more likely to be short and be on CP register.
Firestone 1979 and Holt 1974
‘Protection’ = control
Control time,bodies,resources I.e employment and pocket money, child benefit to adult. FORCED dependency
Space
Northern| Rhinoes| Bare|Toes|Smell|woeful
Control on space.
Hillman 1971- 80% 7-8year olds walk to school
1990- 9%
Cunningham 2007- home habitat shrunk by 8/9ths in 25yrs for 8yr olds.
What contrast is there between British children and Sudanese children?
Katz 1993- Sudanese roam free for several km.
Productive work 3/4yrs.
Neglect and abuse stats
2006- 314,000 on CP register.
What is the conflict view also known as?
Child liberalism
Age Patriachy
Grittins- adult dominance patriachy- rule by the father, family power of the male head.
Escapist strategy
Hockey and James 1993 - acting up and acting down to resist control.
