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Family and Households > Childhood > Flashcards

Childhood Flashcards

0
Q

Pilcher 1995

A

State of separateness: Golden age of childhood, needs protection. Laws and dress distinguish.

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1
Q

WAGG 1992

A

Childhood is not universal but relative. Social construct not natural.

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2
Q

Who supports Wagg’s 1992 theory of relativity?

A

Benedict’s 1934 study. Children in non industrial society treated differently.

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3
Q

Holmes 1974

A

In Samoan society, too young not an excuse.

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4
Q

Punch 2001

A

Bolivia take on work without questions at 5yrs old.

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5
Q

Firth 1970

A

Tikopian society, obedience is child concession.

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6
Q

Malinowski 1957

A

Tolerance and amused interest in children’s sexual activity

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7
Q

Who says that there was no childhood in the Middle Ages?

A

Aries 1960

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8
Q

What did Aries base her study on?

A

Art.
C13th progression, schools by church
C17th clothes distinction
C18th handbook on raising children- cult of childhood.

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9
Q

Who agrees with Aries?

A

Shorter 1975

High Death rates = neglect of children = no childhood march of progress

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10
Q

Who opposes Aries?

A

Pollock 1983 childhood exist but different

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11
Q

Why has childhood changed?

A

Donzelot 1977 - child development in health in C19th. Health seen as different so seen as different.
Children’s right
Smaller family size
Industrialisation
Laws- 1989 Children’s Act. Fundamental compulsory school, no child labour.

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12
Q

Who holds the march of progress view towards education?

A

Shorter
De Mause- past nightmare for children
Aries

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13
Q

How does IMR support the march of progress view?

A

1900 154 IMR
2008 5 IMR

Children are now an emotional and financial investment, less children, higher quality.

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14
Q

How does state spending support the concept of child centredness?

A

64 billion 2007/08

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15
Q

Conflict view and gender

A

Hillman 1993 - boys have greater freedom.

Brannen 1994- 15-16yrs girls in Asian families very strict.

Bonke 1999- girls do 5x more domestic labour in single parent families.

16
Q

Class and conflict view of childhood.

A

Woodrofe 1993 - children of unskilled worker 3x more likely to have hyperactivity, 4x conduct disorders.

Howard 2001- Poor more likely to have illness, IMR, more likely to be short and be on CP register.

17
Q

Firestone 1979 and Holt 1974

A

‘Protection’ = control
Control time,bodies,resources I.e employment and pocket money, child benefit to adult. FORCED dependency
Space

Northern| Rhinoes| Bare|Toes|Smell|woeful

18
Q

Control on space.

A

Hillman 1971- 80% 7-8year olds walk to school
1990- 9%

Cunningham 2007- home habitat shrunk by 8/9ths in 25yrs for 8yr olds.

19
Q

What contrast is there between British children and Sudanese children?

A

Katz 1993- Sudanese roam free for several km.

Productive work 3/4yrs.

20
Q

Neglect and abuse stats

A

2006- 314,000 on CP register.

21
Q

What is the conflict view also known as?

A

Child liberalism

22
Q

Age Patriachy

A

Grittins- adult dominance patriachy- rule by the father, family power of the male head.

23
Q

Escapist strategy

A

Hockey and James 1993 - acting up and acting down to resist control.

24
Q

Who supports Grittin’s view of age patriachy?

A

Humphrey and Thiara 2002 -

1/4 of 200 females in domestic shelter left partner in fear of child’s life.

25
Q

Who believes in the ‘dazzling speed’ of the disappearance of childhood?

A

Neil Postman 1994 -
Middle Ages- illiterate
C19th- print culture emerges, info hierarchy
Now- media breakdowns the hierarchy.

26
Q

Which 2 sociologists conflict Postman’s view?

A

Qvortrup 1990 - less parents less voices for kids, childhood more isolated. But quality may improve with scarcity.

Opie 1993- evidence of independent culture and games.

27
Q

What do liberalists believe?

A

Globalisation and westernisation, childhood spreading as western norms enforced on other cultures through charity.

28
Q

Sue Palmer 2006

A

Toxic childhood, characterised by tech and junk hindering development.

29
Q

Who agrees with Palmers view on the future of childhood? Why?

A

Margo and Dixon 2006
Near top of inter league for obesity, self harm, drug violence etc

UNICEF 2007 21/25 for childhood health, protected stage under threat.

30
Q

Who opposes Palmer’s view?

A

Womack 2007 - relative, not all at the same risk.

31
Q

What do critics of child liberalism say?

A

Control s justified

Exaggerate powerlessness, children’s act and children’s rights.

Family and Households (11 decks)

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