Childhood Flashcards
What did Pilcher say about Childhood in 1995?
That childhood is seen as a clear and distinct life stage and children in our society occupy a separate status from adults.
What did Wagg in 1992 say about Childhoods universality.
That sperate age status isn’t found in all society’s. Says that there is no single universal childhood experiences by all.
What did Benedict in 1934 argue
That children in non industrial society’s were treated differently compared to their modern counterparts in 3 ways:
- take responsibilities at an early age
- Less value placed on children showing obedience to adult authority
- Children’s sexual behaviour often viewed differently.
What did Aries in 1960 say about childhood.
That in the Middle Ages childhood didn’t exist. Children weren’t seen as different once they had reached the stage of physical dependency.
Reasons for changes in the position of children
laws restricting child labour and excluding children from paid work, introduction of compulsory schooling, child protection and welfare legislation, growth of the idea of the children’s rights.
Reasons for changed in the position of children
Declining family size and lower infant mortality rate, children’s development became the subject of medical knowledge, laws and policies that apply specifically to children, industrialisation
What did evidence show about gender in childhood?
that boys and girls are socialised into a set of behaviours based on cultural expectations of masculinity and femininity.
What did Mcrobbie (2010) suggest about girls experience of childhood
That girls’ experience of childhood may differ from boys because parents see them as in need of greater protection from the outside world.
What did Chapman say about boys’ experiences of childhood.
calls boys’ experiences of childhood as ‘toning down their emotionality and familial intimacy’ so they effectively acquire the masculine skills and attitudes required for their adult roles as wage-worker and breadwinner.
What did Michael Et.al argue about money in the family in the case of childhood experiences?
suggests where families have limited budgets, they are more likely to invest in activities that enhance development for their sons than for their daughters.
How may childhood experiences differ on class?
Upper class May find that most of their formative years are spent in private boarding. Middle class May find that they are encouraged from early to go to University and professional career.
What Donzelot (1979) argue about poor families and the state
Donzelot argues that poor families and their children are more likely to be controlled and regulated by the state
What did Jafferis et.al 2002 found about children aged 7 in education
Found that by the age of 7, children who had experienced poverty had significantly fallen behind children of middle class background in maths, reading and other ability tests
What evidence is there that the experience of childhood may differ based on ethnicity and religion?
evidence Muslim, Hindu and Sikh children feel a stronger sense of obligation and duty to their parents than white children
What did Ghumann in 2003 find about religion and childhood
found that religion had a big impact on childhood experiences of Asians. Many Muslim children spent Saturday at Mosque.
What did O’Brien et.al find about race and gender particularly for Asian girls
Race and gender often have negative impact on childhood. Asian girls in particular not being allowed out on their own compared with young Asian males because of the parents’ belief that they were more vulnerable to racist attacks and abuse.
What did Neil Postman argue about the future of childhood?
That childhood is disappearing in the 21st century. He says this is due to mass media leading to children being exposed at early ages
What did Palmer in 2006 argue about the future of childhood.(toxic childhood)
That rapid changes in technology and social attitudes are damaging children’s development e.g junk food and computer games
What did Nick Lee suggest about the future of childhood
That childhood has not disappeared but instead become more ambiguous
What is the March of progress view on the position of childhood
That the position of children in western societies has been steadily improving and today is better than it has ever been
