Child Topic 3- Perceptual Development Flashcards
What does topic 3 focus on
Perceptual development (cog)
What is the key research and supporting studies for topic 3
Key: Gibson and walk (visual cliff) supporting: Fantz, Hudson, Blakemore and Cooper, Sensory integration therapy
Outline the supporting research by Fantz
In 1963, babies ages 48 hours to 5 days were placed in a looking chamber and presented stimuli. Researcher used visual preference method by observing infant from hidden vantage point between 2 stimuli and recorded the reflection in the babies eyes. Found babies prefer complex patterns to simple ones (suggesting they can differentiate), also prefer patterns resembling human faces compared to others ( suggests can recognise faces) as spent more time looking at faces and patterns than plain colours
Outline the supporting research by Hudson
He tested pictorial depth perception by showing South African Bantu workers a picture. The correct interpretation is that a Hunter is trying to spear an antelope not the elephant. The picture contains the depth cues, overlapping objects (as mountains overlap in front of one another), known size as elephant is bigger than a man. He asked the ps what do you see?, which is nearer the antelope or the elephant? And what is the man doing? Results show both children and adults found it difficult to perceive depth as they said the man was spearing the elephant. Cross cultural studies indicate history and culture play part in perception
Outline the supporting research by blakemore and Cooper
They aimed to limit the visual experience of kittens to one orientation and compare behavioural and neurophysiological results. They placed kittens in darkness from birth to 2 weeks, then from 2 weeks to 5 months, a kitten was placed in a cylinder that had either horizontal or vertical stripes for 5 hours a day and wore a black collar. They were then taken for several hours a week to a well lit room with furniture. When they were first exposed, cats had no startle response and no visual placing but after 10 hours the deficits disappeared apart from jerky visual placing and they are also blind to the orientation they didn’t grow up with. They also found that their neurones had preferred orientation of what they grew up in
Describe the supporting research around sensory integration therapy
For children who are hypo or hypersensitive. Each child is initially assessed by occupational therapist who observes child’s behaviour and uses a checklist to diagnose problems. A sensory diet/ program is created that is tailored to the child which includes play activities, feeling pressure, different textures on skin and balance. The program may also include accommodations in their life. It is controversial as there’s not enough evidence to show if it works
Outline key research by Gibson and walk
Aimed to see if young animals and children were able to perceive depth innately. Apparatus was a bridge either side of a glass platform, one side has cheque pattern close or glass (shallow side) and other had pattern at bottom of 4 foot drop under glass. Had 36 children aged 6-14 months, took place in US. Each child placed on bridge so could craw off either side and mother stood at shallow end or deep end. Found 100% moved to shallow side to mother and 11% moved to deep side to mother. And children would cry if mother as deep end. Also carried out with animals, chicks, lambs and goats wouldn’t cross to deep side and of goat/sheep forced, legs would go limp but if cliff was 30cm the goats would cross. Kittens avoided deep side but dark reared kittens would go either side until exposed to light. Rats used whiskers to feel glass so would go either side but not if platform raised, turtles had little preference. Controls: under light to stop reflection, grey pattern (rats show no pref) pattern same distance (rats no pref) show using size (further away looks smaller so rats pick larger squares, even if same distance) and motion parallax (further away moves slower, rats pick shallow even if squares same)
App: develop perception in young children
- Enrichment activities to develop perception (sit) 2. Expose children to a range of environments (b&c) 3. Puzzles or jigsaws with depth cues / read books W pics, talk through depth cues (g&w)
