Child Topic 1- Intelligence Flashcards
Summarise van leeuwens study
Aim was to use twins, parents and siblings to identify relationship between family and IQ, assuming a shared environment and 100% same genetics in MZ twins, 50% in DZ twins and 50% between parent/child. Took place in the NETHERLANDS. 112 families studied that had either monozygotic or dizygotic twins and a sibling aged 9-14 and 2 parents. Mean age of twins 9.1, sibling 11.9 and there were 23 male MZ and DZ twins, 25 female MZ, 21 female DZ with 20DZ opposite sex. It was a volunteer sampling method and they were screened for disabilities, mental illnesses and metal material. Biological data to check MZ status was used as well as hormonal and MRI scans. Cognitive testing based on RAVENS STANDARD PROGRESSIVE MATRICES for children and RAVENS ADVANCED PROGRESSIVE MATRICES for parents to avoid ceiling effect. RASCH model was applied which took into account increasing difficulty of Qs and made probability of scoring high/low . 1) There were no sex differences found in any groups 2) the correlations were higher for MZ twins than any first degree relatives 3) there was a high correlation between the IQ of parents 4) suggests heritability for intelligence is 67% 5) for lower IQ groups, interactions between IQ and environment was higher and they are less likely to seek out intellectually stimulating environments
What is topic 1 about
Intelligence (bio)
What is the key study and supporting research for topic 1
Key: van leeuwen supporting: ravens progressive matrices, Gardner, Schoenthaler and good enough- Harris
Raven’s progressive matrices
Is it a non verbal test of intelligence, easier to administer and interpret and tests fluid intelligence. It involves incomplete sequences with a picture missing which must be filled in and the items are progressively more challenging so must rely on calculations that take this into account (RASCH model) 1. Colour for those aged 4-7, or those with mental disabilities (can verbally explain), has 36 items in colour 2.standard for ages 7-18, has 60 items in black and white 3. Advanced for adults aged 18+ with 48 items
Gardner- multiple intelligences
He believed there are a range of different intelligences, which we all vary in the balance of. People will differ in how they learn best, based on which intelligence is the strongest. Proposed 7 types: 1. Visual-spacial (aware of environments, good at maps and puzzles, taught through drawings and charts) 2. Bodily kinaesthetic (body awareness, like movement, acting out) 3. Musical (aware of rhythm, turning lessons into lyrics) 4. Interpersonal (interacting with others, good empathy, group activities) 5. Intrapersonal (understanding own feelings, independent study) 6. Linguistic (using words, reading, stories) 7. Logical mathematical (reasoning, logic puzzles).
Schoenthaler- vitamins improving intelligence
615 schoolchildren from 4 different schools in California. The children were examined of multiple measures of intelligence then randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (one placebo, other three were increasing strengths of vitamin- mineral supplements) for 12 weeks. The trial was triple blind (subjects, testers and scientists didn’t know groups) to improve validity. Shows that for non verbal wechsler tests, there were highly significant improvements in IQ whereas for verbal tests there were none. May be as non verbal tests measured fluid intelligence, which may be improved by supplementation but verbal tests measured crystallised intelligence which would unlikely be Improved
Goodenough- Harris draw a person person
A child is asked to draw the best person they can. The picture is scored on how many features are included. Points gained for core details (arms, legs, head), appropriate attachments (arms connected) details (eyes, mouth) smaller details (joints) and correct proportions. The score is used to give the child’s mental age and level of intelligence e.g. more details, greater the score (mental age is score divided by age). The correlation with this test and iQ is 0.8
App: methods of testing intelligence
- Get them to do ravens standard or progressive matrices 2. Do draw a person test 3. A tes that tests multiple intelligence theory 4. Weshcler, can use Gould/yerkes
