Child Sexual Exploitation Flashcards
Explain Child Sexual Exploitation
Coercion or manipulation of children and young people into taking part in sexual activities.
Form of sexual abuse involving exchange of some form of payment (money, clothes, drugs, mobile, alcohol, place to stay, affection).
The grooming process renders them powerless to recognise exploitation.
Define CSE
CSE is a form of child sexual abuse. It occurs when an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to COERCE, MANIPULATE or DECEIVE a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity
a) In exchange for something they need or want AND
b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator
The victim may have been sexually exploited even if the sexual activity appears CONSENSUAL.
(CSE does not always need to have physical contact and can occur through use of technology).
What is CSE?
CHILD ABUSE
POWER IMBALANCE (GENDER, INTELLIGENCE, STRENGTH, ECONOMIC FACTORS)
SWAPPING SEX FOR FOOD, GIFTS, ACCOMMODATION, AFFECTION
THROUGH USE OF VIOLENCE, COERCION, INTIMIDATION.
What are the three types of CSE
Inappropriate relationships
The fake relationship model
Organised exploitation and trafficking
Explain the ‘inappropriate relationship
Usually involving one perpetrator who has inappropriate power or control over a young person (physical, emotional, financial).
Indicator includes a significant age gap.
Person may believe they are in a loving relationship.
Explain the fake relationship
Perpetrator befriends and grooms young person into a relationship then coerces or forces them to have sex with friends or associates
Explain the organised network/organised exploitation and trafficking
Young people (often connected) passed through networks between towns and cities and forced/coerced into sexual activity with multiple men.
Young people involved often used to recruit.
Serious and organised crime.
What actions should be taken by officers if identifying an inappropriate relationship?
Positive action.
Obtain details of both parties and carry out checks.
Intelligence submission.
Submit a PPD1
Liaise with PPU
Explain the two areas CSE can be separated into
- Sexual exploitation through street grooming.
Grooming child for sexual purposes. Perpetrator gaining their trust, giving drugs, gifts, affection, asks them to perform sexual acts as a favour or in exchange for something.
2.Online sexual exploitation.
Abuse through production of indecent images, videos etc. Grooming children online for purpose of sexually abusing them. Can involve adults pretending to me children. Eventually arranging to meet the child in person for purpose of sexually abusing them.
What is the difference between a paedophile and a heabophile?
Paedophile - Person has a long term sexual interest in children under 11.
Haebophile - Sexual interest in children over 11.
Describe a CSE offender
More than one type
Any age gender, ethnicity
Children can be used to recruit and coerce victims into CSE
Grooms victims to manipulate =
Distance from friends and family to control
Increases dependence on the perpetrator
Uses flattery and attention to persuade victim
Psychology similar to domestic abuse offender
List factors that make a child more vulnerable to CSE
Chaotic or dysfunctional household
Unaware of sexual orientation
Homelessness
Low self esteem
History of abuse
Learning disabilities
Recent bereavement or loss
Friends who are CSE victims
Lacking friends of the same age group
What are signs and behaviours in a child that suggest CSE is taking place?
Evidence of drug/alcohol use
Unexplained injuries
Self harm/suicidal tendencies
Unexplained gifts, new possession
Truancy
Displaying inappropriate sexualized behaviour
Going missing, returning home late
Estranged from family
Why teenagers in CSE?
Secretive nature
Sex offenders identify vulnerabilities
Teenagers separate from their attachments and seek new attachments
What are the x4 steps in the controlling process of CSE?
Grooming - Controlling - Pursuing - Sharing
What actions can police take as officers in relation to CSE?
IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SUSPECTS
PNC + PND CHECKS ON POTENTIAL OFFENDERS
CHECK CSE FLAGS OF OFFENDER + VICTIM
CHILD PROTECTION REGISTER CHECKS
SEARCH OF MISPERS LAST KNOWN ADDRESS
SUBMISSION OF INTELLIGENCE LOGS
LINK ALL KNOWN ASSOCIATES AND ADDRESSES TO THE OCCURRENCE
PPN SUBMISSION
What are the x2 types of CAWN’S?
S2 Child Abduction Act 1984
If child is under 16
S49 Children Act 1989
If the child is under 18 and in local authority care
Explain the police power of protecting children in relation to CAWN
- CAWNS are issued to suspects who are believed to place children at risk of offences being committed against them.
- CAWN is a safeguarding measure
- Active case building in first stage or potential prosecution
What is the criteria for issuing a CAWN
Child under 16 or under 18 and in local authority care.
Reported missing and found on x2 or more occasions in company of suspect
Reports have suggested behaviour and associated with suspect is giving significant cause for concern
There is no specific offence of CSE so what offences can be linked to CSE?
UNDER 13
Offences against children
Sexual activity with a child under 13
Rape
Assault by penetration
Sexual assault
UNDER 16
Sexual activity with a child
Causing or inciting to engage in sexual activity
Causing a child to watch a sexual act
Arranging or facilitating the commission of a child sex offence
Meeting a child following sexual grooming
Causing or inciting a child under 13 to engage in sexual activity
Explain the SERAF framework
Sexual Exploitation Risk Assessment Framework
Completed by social workers or other third sector i.e Barnardos.
Aim is to identify children and young people at risk or abused through sexual exploitation.
Manages information about children at risk.
Gathers intelligence and monitors extent of the issue.
Identifies appropriate interventions and safeguarding actions.
What questions would officer need to ask self when dealing with CSE incidents?
Have I fully investigated?
Have I considered all wider safeguarding concerns?
Have I done everything in power to protect vulnerable children?
Have I recorded all actions and rationale for decision making?
List impacts of CSE
struggle with trust and be fearful of forming new relationships
become isolated from family and friends
fail exams or drop out of education
become pregnant at a young age
experience unemployment
have mental health problems
make suicide attempts
abuse alcohol and drugs
take part in criminal behaviour
experience homelessness.
