Child medicine Flashcards
What are the features of vernix caseosa?
forms from 28 weeks gestation, reduces near 40 weeks
formation of thick, lipid-laden substance that coats the baby’s skin in utero
formed to moisturize the baby’s skin + protect from injury
requires no ix or tx
What are the features of erythema toxicum?
occurs in neonates in first few days of life
eruption of red papules + some pustules
usually affects whole body except palms and soles of hands and feet
cause unknown
self limiting
What are the features of milia?
occurs in neonates
benign sub epidermal cysts of keratin
commonly on the nose and upper trunk
What are the features of naevus simplex?
“birthmark” (Red/pink)
indistinct irregular border
results from delay in maturation of skin cells
What are the features of “strawberry naevi”
infantile hemangioma
benign vascular skin tumour // abnormal collection of blood vessels
appears in 1st few weeks of life, usually involutes
What are examples of common childhoood viral exanthem rashes?
chicken pox
measles
slapped cheek (parvovirus)
rubella
roseola (HHV6)
hand, foot and mouth (coxsackie)
What are the features of Kawasaki disease?
widespread inflammatory condition in children 1-5 years old
causes high fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, rash, extremity changes and mucositis (strawberry tongue)
can lead to coronary artery aneurysms
What are the areas of childhood development?
gross motor
fine motor/vision
speech/language/hearing
social, emotional + behavioral skills
List the primitive reflexes?
involuntary motor responses from brain stem
sucking reflex: coordination of swallowing + breathing, disappears by 6-7 months
rooting reflex: mouth turning towards an object following light stroking of the cheek… decreases by one month
palmar grasp: results in flexion of the finger// disappears by 6 months of age
moro reflex: pulling up on arms in supine position results in shoulder abduction + extension of elbow
What are some key red flags in childhood development?
head lag @ 2 months
no visual fixation by 2 months
unable to sit @ 9-12 months
No vocalisation by 6 months
Not responding to name by 12 months
not pointing to objects by 14 months
non-verbal by 18 months
not standing by 16 months
unable to walk by 18 months
When is adult height usually attained?
bone age of 17 years (boys) or 14 years (girls)
How do we define microcephaly and macrocephaly?
micro = < 2nd percentile
macro = > 98th percentile
