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CHILD HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

CHILD SURVIVAL GOAL

A

Reducing childhood mortality and ensuring the fullest potential for development

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2
Q

Most common causes off child deaths

A

Neonatal mortality
Post neonatal mortality
Infant mortality
Under 5 mortality

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3
Q

Diseases responsible for majority of deaths in low-income countries

A

Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Malaria

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4
Q

Parameters of the estimated 6.3 million deaths in 2017

A

Newborns- 2.5 mil
1-11months- 1.6 mil
1-4 years- 1.3 mil
5-9 years- 0.6 mil
10-14 years- 0.4 mil

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5
Q

Risk factors for malnutrition

A

Early introduction of complementary feeding
No breastfeeding
Poor quality of food
Insufficient food
Disease

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6
Q

Newborn care issues

A

Neonatal asphyxia
Neonatal tetanus
Neonatal feeding/breastfeeding
Neonatal infections (others)
Prematurity

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7
Q

Socio-economic activity and disease

A

Low birth weight
Increased hospital admissions
Injuries
Special educational needs
Malnutrition
Behavioural problems
Child abuse

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8
Q

Main direct cause of childhood mortality in africa

A

Infections

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9
Q

Diseases that cause 70% of child deaths in Africa

A

Acute respiratory infections
Diarrhoea
Measles
Malnutrition
Neonatal conditions such as suffocation, prematurity and low birth weight

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10
Q

Focus of child survival in africa

A

Newborn care
Infant and young child feeding
Deworming
Preventing malaria
Immunization of mothers and children
PMTCT of HIV
Managing commin illnesses

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11
Q

Delivery strategies

A

approaches used to reach children and mothers with the interventions they need

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12
Q

Rationale for child survival strategies

A

to optimize child survival, growth and development and reduce under five mortality

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13
Q

Preventive interventions for diarrhea

A

Breastfeeding
Complementary feeding
Vit A
Zinc
Water, sanitation, hygiene

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14
Q

Preventive measures for pneumonia

A

Breastfeeding
Complementary feeding
Hib Vaccine
Zinc

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15
Q

Preventive interventions for measles

A

Complementary feeding
Vit A
Measles vaccine

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16
Q

Preventive measures for malaria

A

Insecticide treated materials
Complementary feeding
Zinc
Vitamin A

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17
Q

Preventive measures for HIV

A

Nevirapine and replacement feeding

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18
Q

Preventive measures for preterm delivery

A

Insecticide treated materials
Antenatal steroids
Newborn temperature management
Antibiotics for premature rapture of membranes
IPT in pregnancy

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19
Q

Preventive measures for neonatal tetanus

A

Tetanus toxoid
Clean delivery

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20
Q

Preventive measures for neonatal sepsis

A

Breastfeeding
Antibiotics for premature rapture of membranes
Clean delivery

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21
Q

Treatment for measles

A

Vit A

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22
Q

Treatment for neonatal asphyxia

A

Newborn resuscitation

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23
Q

Three categories of interventions

A

Child health promotion
Disease prevention/control
Early management of childhood illnesses (IMCI)

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24
Q

Interventions for child health promotion

A

Growth monitoring
Breastfeeding/ Nutrition

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25
Interventions for disease prevention/ control
Hygiene and sanitation Immunisation ITNs
26
Interventions under early management of childhood illnesses
Malaria Acute respiratory diseases Diarrheal diseases Measles Common neonatal infections TB HIV/AIDS
27
4+ elements of UNICEF campaign (GOBIFFFEETH)
Growth monitoring Oral rehydration Breast feeding Immunisation Family planning Food supplementation Female education Environmental protection and sanitation Essential drug program Treatment of common illnesses Health education
28
immunisation
biological process of conferring protection in a human host against infectious agents in the environment
29
vaccination
inducing primary response in a person such that on first contact with the corresponding pathogen, a rapid secondary (memory response) is mounted, leading to prevention of disease symptoms
30
Types of vaccines
Live attenuated/ weakened Inactivated/killed Subunit/Fractional Future vaccines
31
Examples of future vaccines
DNA based Vector based Peptide and lipopeptide based Therapeutic vaccines
32
Gh vaccines at birth
BCG OPV-0
33
Vaccines at 6 weeks
Penta-1 OPV-1 Rota-1 Pn-1
34
Vaccines at 10 weeks
Penta-2 OPV-2 Rota-2 Pn-2
35
Vaccines at 14 weeks
Penta-3 OPV-3 Pn-3
36
Vaccines at 6 month
Vit A
37
Vaccines at 9 months
Measles-1 Yellow fever
38
Vaccines at 12 months
Vit A
39
Vaccines at 18 months
Measles-2
40
From WHO, vaccines given at preconception and pregnancy
Preconception- HPV Pregnancy- Tetanus
41
Penta (DPT/HepB/Hib)
Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Hepatitis B Hemophilus influenza type B
42
Associated conditions for cough/ fast breathing
Pneumonia Severe anemia P falciparum malaria
43
Lethargy/ unconsciousness
Cerebral malaria Meningitis Severe dehydration Very severe pneumonia
44
Measles rash
Pneumonia Diarrhea Ear infection
45
Very sick young infant
Pneumonia Meningitis Sepsis
46
Components of IMNCI
Improving case management skills of health workers Improving the health system Improving family and community practices
47
When does vertical transmission of HIV occur
Pregnancy Childbirth Breastfeeding
48
approaches to PMTCT according to WHO
women of childbearing age Preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV Preventing HIV transmission from a woman living with HIV to her baby Providing appropriate treatment, care and support to mothers living with HIV and their children and families
49
PMTCT strategies
Antenatal HIV testing Safe obstetric practices Preventive ART regimens Modified infant feeding practices
50
At what viral load does vaginal delivery carry a higher risk than c section
greater than or equal to 1000 copies/ml
51
Which people are given preventive ART regimens
Pregnant women Breastfeeding women Infants born to HIV positive mothers
52
Give two modified infant feeding practices
Exclusive breastfeeding Replacement/ formula feeding
53
Option A treatment for women not eligible for ART
Twice daily AZT from 14 weeks of gestation till labour onset at labour, give sd-NVP and start twice daily AZT+3TC till 7 days postpartum continue twice daily AZT for mother and prophylaxis with either AZT or NVP for 6 weeks after birth If breastfeeding, infant is given daily NVP till 1 week after end of breastfeeding
54
Option B strategy for PMTCT
Women who are not eligible for ART are given triple therapy ART during pregnancy and throughout the breastfeeding period for PMTCT
55
Option B+ strategy for PMTCT
All HIV positive pregnant women are given lifelong ART irrespective of CD4 and clinical stage of disease
56
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Delavirdine Efavirenz Nevirapine
57
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Abacavir Emtricitabine Didanosine Lamivudine Stavudine Tenofovir Zidovudine
58
Proteose inhibitors
Darunavir Indinavir Ritonavir Saquinavir Lopinavir
59
Integrase strand inhibitors
Raltegravir Dolutegravir Cabotegravir
60
3TC
Lamivudine
61
ABC
Abacavir
62
AZT
Zidovudine
63
DTG
Dolutegravir
64
FTC
Emtricitabine
65
TDF
Tenofovir
66
RTV
Ritonavir
67
RAL
Raltegravir
68
First line ART
2NRTIs plus an INSTI or NNRTI
69
Preferred first line
TDF + 3TC or FTC + DTG
70
Alternative first line
TDF + 3TC or FTC + EFV or NVP or AZT + 3TC + EFV or NVP
71
Second line ART
2NRTIs + PI ( ritonavir boosted PI)
72
When is EID done
4 weeks and 6 weeks
73
when is EID repeated
18 months and or when the child stops breastfeeding
74
regimen for ePNP
AZT + NVP for 12 weeks
75
ePNP
enhanced Post-natal prophylaxis
76
EID
early infant diagnosis
77
PrEP
Pre-esposure prophylaxis
78
Regimen for PrEP
daily TDF or combined TDF/FTC
79
Adolescents
Aged 10-19 years
80
Youth
15 to 24 years
81
Young people
10-24 years
82
When was the SHEP established in Ghana
1992

PUBLIC HEALTH 2 (7 decks)

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