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PUBLIC HEALTH 2 > CHILD HEALTH > Flashcards

CHILD HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

CHILD SURVIVAL GOAL

A

Reducing childhood mortality and ensuring the fullest potential for development

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2
Q

Most common causes off child deaths

A

Neonatal mortality
Post neonatal mortality
Infant mortality
Under 5 mortality

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3
Q

Diseases responsible for majority of deaths in low-income countries

A

Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Malaria

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4
Q

Parameters of the estimated 6.3 million deaths in 2017

A

Newborns- 2.5 mil
1-11months- 1.6 mil
1-4 years- 1.3 mil
5-9 years- 0.6 mil
10-14 years- 0.4 mil

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5
Q

Risk factors for malnutrition

A

Early introduction of complementary feeding
No breastfeeding
Poor quality of food
Insufficient food
Disease

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6
Q

Newborn care issues

A

Neonatal asphyxia
Neonatal tetanus
Neonatal feeding/breastfeeding
Neonatal infections (others)
Prematurity

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7
Q

Socio-economic activity and disease

A

Low birth weight
Increased hospital admissions
Injuries
Special educational needs
Malnutrition
Behavioural problems
Child abuse

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8
Q

Main direct cause of childhood mortality in africa

A

Infections

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9
Q

Diseases that cause 70% of child deaths in Africa

A

Acute respiratory infections
Diarrhoea
Measles
Malnutrition
Neonatal conditions such as suffocation, prematurity and low birth weight

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10
Q

Focus of child survival in africa

A

Newborn care
Infant and young child feeding
Deworming
Preventing malaria
Immunization of mothers and children
PMTCT of HIV
Managing commin illnesses

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11
Q

Delivery strategies

A

approaches used to reach children and mothers with the interventions they need

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12
Q

Rationale for child survival strategies

A

to optimize child survival, growth and development and reduce under five mortality

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13
Q

Preventive interventions for diarrhea

A

Breastfeeding
Complementary feeding
Vit A
Zinc
Water, sanitation, hygiene

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14
Q

Preventive measures for pneumonia

A

Breastfeeding
Complementary feeding
Hib Vaccine
Zinc

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15
Q

Preventive interventions for measles

A

Complementary feeding
Vit A
Measles vaccine

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16
Q

Preventive measures for malaria

A

Insecticide treated materials
Complementary feeding
Zinc
Vitamin A

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17
Q

Preventive measures for HIV

A

Nevirapine and replacement feeding

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18
Q

Preventive measures for preterm delivery

A

Insecticide treated materials
Antenatal steroids
Newborn temperature management
Antibiotics for premature rapture of membranes
IPT in pregnancy

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19
Q

Preventive measures for neonatal tetanus

A

Tetanus toxoid
Clean delivery

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20
Q

Preventive measures for neonatal sepsis

A

Breastfeeding
Antibiotics for premature rapture of membranes
Clean delivery

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21
Q

Treatment for measles

A

Vit A

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22
Q

Treatment for neonatal asphyxia

A

Newborn resuscitation

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23
Q

Three categories of interventions

A

Child health promotion
Disease prevention/control
Early management of childhood illnesses (IMCI)

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24
Q

Interventions for child health promotion

A

Growth monitoring
Breastfeeding/ Nutrition

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25
Q

Interventions for disease prevention/ control

A

Hygiene and sanitation
Immunisation
ITNs

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26
Q

Interventions under early management of childhood illnesses

A

Malaria
Acute respiratory diseases
Diarrheal diseases
Measles
Common neonatal infections
TB
HIV/AIDS

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27
Q

4+ elements of UNICEF campaign (GOBIFFFEETH)

A

Growth monitoring
Oral rehydration
Breast feeding
Immunisation

Family planning
Food supplementation
Female education

Environmental protection and sanitation
Essential drug program
Treatment of common illnesses
Health education

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28
Q

immunisation

A

biological process of conferring protection in a human host against infectious agents in the environment

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29
Q

vaccination

A

inducing primary response in a person such that on first contact with the corresponding pathogen, a rapid secondary (memory response) is mounted, leading to prevention of disease
symptoms

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30
Q

Types of vaccines

A

Live attenuated/ weakened
Inactivated/killed
Subunit/Fractional
Future vaccines

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31
Q

Examples of future vaccines

A

DNA based
Vector based
Peptide and lipopeptide based
Therapeutic vaccines

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32
Q

Gh vaccines at birth

A

BCG
OPV-0

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33
Q

Vaccines at 6 weeks

A

Penta-1
OPV-1
Rota-1
Pn-1

34
Q

Vaccines at 10 weeks

A

Penta-2
OPV-2
Rota-2
Pn-2

35
Q

Vaccines at 14 weeks

A

Penta-3
OPV-3
Pn-3

36
Q

Vaccines at 6 month

A

Vit A

37
Q

Vaccines at 9 months

A

Measles-1
Yellow fever

38
Q

Vaccines at 12 months

A

Vit A

39
Q

Vaccines at 18 months

A

Measles-2

40
Q

From WHO, vaccines given at preconception and pregnancy

A

Preconception- HPV

Pregnancy- Tetanus

41
Q

Penta (DPT/HepB/Hib)

A

Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus
Hepatitis B
Hemophilus influenza type B

42
Q

Associated conditions for cough/ fast breathing

A

Pneumonia
Severe anemia
P falciparum malaria

43
Q

Lethargy/ unconsciousness

A

Cerebral malaria
Meningitis
Severe dehydration
Very severe pneumonia

44
Q

Measles rash

A

Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Ear infection

45
Q

Very sick young infant

A

Pneumonia
Meningitis
Sepsis

46
Q

Components of IMNCI

A

Improving case management skills of health workers
Improving the health system
Improving family and community practices

47
Q

When does vertical transmission of HIV occur

A

Pregnancy
Childbirth
Breastfeeding

48
Q

approaches to PMTCT according to WHO

A

women of childbearing age Preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV
Preventing HIV transmission from a woman living with HIV to her baby
Providing appropriate treatment, care and support to mothers living with HIV
and their children and families

49
Q

PMTCT strategies

A

Antenatal HIV testing
Safe obstetric practices
Preventive ART regimens
Modified infant feeding practices

50
Q

At what viral load does vaginal delivery carry a higher risk than c section

A

greater than or equal to 1000 copies/ml

51
Q

Which people are given preventive ART regimens

A

Pregnant women
Breastfeeding women
Infants born to HIV positive mothers

52
Q

Give two modified infant feeding practices

A

Exclusive breastfeeding
Replacement/ formula feeding

53
Q

Option A treatment for women not eligible for ART

A

Twice daily AZT from 14 weeks of gestation till labour onset

at labour, give sd-NVP and start twice daily AZT+3TC till 7 days postpartum

continue twice daily AZT for mother and prophylaxis with either AZT or NVP for 6 weeks after birth

If breastfeeding, infant is given daily NVP till 1 week after end of breastfeeding

54
Q

Option B strategy for PMTCT

A

Women who are not eligible for ART are given triple therapy ART during pregnancy and throughout the breastfeeding period for PMTCT

55
Q

Option B+ strategy for PMTCT

A

All HIV positive pregnant women are given lifelong ART irrespective of CD4 and clinical stage of disease

56
Q

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine

57
Q

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Didanosine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
Tenofovir
Zidovudine

58
Q

Proteose inhibitors

A

Darunavir
Indinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Lopinavir

59
Q

Integrase strand inhibitors

A

Raltegravir
Dolutegravir
Cabotegravir

60
Q

3TC

A

Lamivudine

61
Q

ABC

A

Abacavir

62
Q

AZT

A

Zidovudine

63
Q

DTG

A

Dolutegravir

64
Q

FTC

A

Emtricitabine

65
Q

TDF

A

Tenofovir

66
Q

RTV

A

Ritonavir

67
Q

RAL

A

Raltegravir

68
Q

First line ART

A

2NRTIs plus an INSTI or NNRTI

69
Q

Preferred first line

A

TDF + 3TC or FTC + DTG

70
Q

Alternative first line

A

TDF + 3TC or FTC + EFV or NVP
or
AZT + 3TC + EFV or NVP

71
Q

Second line ART

A

2NRTIs + PI ( ritonavir boosted PI)

72
Q

When is EID done

A

4 weeks and 6 weeks

73
Q

when is EID repeated

A

18 months and or when the child stops breastfeeding

74
Q

regimen for ePNP

A

AZT + NVP for 12 weeks

75
Q

ePNP

A

enhanced Post-natal prophylaxis

76
Q

EID

A

early infant diagnosis

77
Q

PrEP

A

Pre-esposure prophylaxis

78
Q

Regimen for PrEP

A

daily TDF or
combined TDF/FTC

79
Q

Adolescents

A

Aged 10-19 years

80
Q

Youth

A

15 to 24 years

81
Q

Young people

A

10-24 years

82
Q

When was the SHEP established in Ghana

A

1992

PUBLIC HEALTH 2 (7 decks)

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