child growth Flashcards
axis in a growth chart
age on x, height on Y
what is analysed on a growth chart
cumulative height, and height velocity (how fast they are growing)
what is growth affrected by
prematurity, malnutrition/endocrine issues, genetic issues
how children grow
in first 2 years is fastest growth, where they move up and down centiles- after that they should stay on track for their centile
most important hormone in growth
GH
common developmental delays and management
CEREBRAL PALSY (problem with movement/posture before 2 years)- minimise spasticity: AUTISM (affects social interaction/speech disorder)- intensive support for child: attention deficity hyperactivity disorder ie ADHD (lack of attention, more aggression, antisocial)- drugs, behavioural therapy: LEARNING DISABILITY
looking at history of child
antenatal issues (ie before birth) eg infections, drugs, birth issue (eg prematurity), consanguinity
examining child with growth issue
growth measurements eg height, head circumference, neurological examination, blood measurements
theories of onset puberty
mautration of CNS= more GnRH, OR altered setpoint to gonadal negative feedback
age at menarche
age of menarche has decreased over last 100 yrs, and it has levelled off recently
effect of puberty on body shape for boys and girls
good for boys (more height/muscle), bad for girls (more fat/menstruation)
features and causes of anorexia nervosa and treatment
body weight bleow 15% expected weight/less than 17.5 BMI, fear of gaining weight, endocrine issues eg amenorrhoea- genes, perfectionist temperatment- cognitive behavioural therapy
depression symptoms
sadness, guilt, less sleep/reduced appetite, loss of energy
conduct disorder- define, features
failure to control behaviour within socially defined rules- stealing, temper issues, disobedient
4 domains of child devleopment
speech and languag skills, social skills, gross motor skills, fine motor skills
types of developmental delay
global delays, or specific (language, motor, sensory, cognitive)
causes of global delay
chromosome abnormalities, metabolic issues eg hypothyroidism, antenatal issues (before birth) eg infections/drugs
what is precursor of puberty
ADRENARCHE due to adrenal gland, which causes hairgrowth via DHEA
growth spurts in boys vs girls
growth spurt much earlier for girls ie grow before boys
change in start of puberty
age of puberty onset has decreased
risk during adolescence
grey matter converts to white matter, causing a mismatch between the control pathway and the dopaminergic reward pathway, increasing vulnerability to risk taking
