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Class - Year 10 > Child development RO57 - topic 1 > Flashcards

Child development RO57 - topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What factors might affect someones decision to have children?

A

-relationship with partner
- finance
- parental age
- peer pressure / social expectations
- genetic counselling for hereditary diseases

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2
Q

What factors affect pre-conceptual health?

A
  • Smoking
  • weight
  • drinking alcohol
  • drugs and age
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3
Q

What is ovulation?

A

Release of an egg

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4
Q

What is preconception ad conception?

A

Preconception is before the parents try for a baby
Conception (fertilisation) is the point at which the sperm and egg meet

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5
Q

What is fertility?

A

The ability to conceive and produce babies

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6
Q

What is contraception?

A

Using various method to prevent pregnancy when having sex

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7
Q

What is reproduction?

A

The process of having babies

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8
Q

What is antenatal and postnatal care?

A

The medical care which is given to a woman during pregnancy (antenatal) and after birth (postnatal)

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9
Q

How does weight affect chances of conceiving?

A

Women - overweight can affect ovulation (higher chance of gestational diabetes). Underweight can affect periods and therefore ovulation

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10
Q

How does smoking affect chances of conceiving?

A

can affect quality of egg and sperm.
Lower sperm count and higher amount of abnormal sperm

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11
Q

How does drinking alcohol affect chances of conceiving?

A

Lower sperm count
Women - affect ability to become pregnant
When trying to become pregnant try and avoid alcohol as you don’t know if you are pregnant until around 4 weeks (can damage baby)

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12
Q

How does taking recreational drugs affect chances of conceiving?

A
  • affect sperm and eggs
  • can cause permanent problems with reproductive system.
  • hormone production and menstrual cycles can become erratic
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13
Q

How does parental age affect chances of conceiving?

A
  • age ability to conceive / quality of eggs begin to decline
    Older - menopause
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14
Q

What is folic acid and why is it taken?

A
  • advised to take 400mcg per day - from pre-conception up to 12 weeks of age
  • Can prevent birth defects - prevent spina defiea
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15
Q

Why is having up to date immunisations important?

A
  • so you don’t get sick and don’t kill baby. or pass things on through placenta or umbilical cord
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16
Q

Why is the rubella vaccine important?

A

If a mother catches rubella during pregnancy the baby could develop health conditions including deafness, blindness, and heart problems. It could even die

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17
Q

Can the rubella vaccine be given during pregnancy?

A

No
Women should have two doses of the vaccine before becoming pregnant.

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18
Q

Why is the MMR vaccine important?
(Measles, Mumps, Rubella)

A

If women haven’t had the rubella vaccine, they can have the MMR

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19
Q

Can the MMR vaccine be given during pregnancy?

A

Not recommended.
It can be given upto a month before pregnancy

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20
Q

Why is the whooping cough vaccine important?

A

Whooping cough is dangerous in young babies. Vaccine can pass on antibodies

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21
Q

Can the whooping cough vaccine be given during pregnancy?

A

Yes
between 6 and 32 weeks

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22
Q

Why is the flu vaccine important?

A

Pregnant women have a weakened immune system and will be more susceptible to flu.
Can have serious affects during pregnancy - result in a still-birth
Having injection during pregnancy can pass on antibodies

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23
Q

Can the flu vaccine be given during pregnancy?

A

Yes

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24
Q

Why is the COVID-19 vaccine important?

A

COVID-19 can be dangerous to anyone

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25
Q

Can the COVID-19 vaccine be given during pregnancy?

A

Yes

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26
Q

What type of contraception is a male condom?

A

Barrier

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27
Q

What are some advantages of male condom?

A
  • prevents STIs
  • no side effects
  • no prescription
  • carried and used whenever needed
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28
Q

What are some disadvantages of male condom?

A
  • some people are allergic to latex
  • carefully put on and taken off (rips)
  • has to be put on when penis is hard
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29
Q

How effective is the male condom?

A

98%

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30
Q

What type of contraception is the female condom?

A

Barrier

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31
Q

What are some advantages of female condom?

A
  • prevents STIs
  • no side effects
  • put in several hours before sex
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32
Q

disadvantages of female condom?

A
  • more expensive than male condoms
  • carefully put on and taken off (rips)
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33
Q

How effective is female condom?

A

95%

34
Q

What type of contraception is the diaphragm?

A

Barrier

35
Q

Advantages of diaphragm?

A
  • no side effects
  • put in several hours before sex
36
Q

Disadvantages of diaphragm?

A
  • must be fitted by a clinician
  • spermicide can cause irritation
37
Q

How effective is diaphragm?

A

92 - 96% (might slip out during sex)

38
Q

What type of contraception is the Combined pill?

A

Hormonal - oestrogen and progesterone

39
Q

Advantages of combined pill?

A
  • reduce periods
  • reliable
40
Q

Disadvantages of combined pill?

A
  • No STI protection
  • needs prescription
41
Q

How effective is combined pill?

A

over 99%

42
Q

What type of contraception is POP?

A

hormonal
Progesterone only pill

43
Q

Advantages of POP?

A
  • reliable
  • fewer health risks
44
Q

Disadvantages of POP?

A
  • No STI protection
  • Must take every day
45
Q

How effective is POP?

A

over 99%

46
Q

What type of contraception is contraceptive injection?

A

Hormonal (Progesterone and oestrogen)

47
Q

Advantages of contraceptive injection?

A
  • lasts for 13 weeks
  • privacy and reliable
48
Q

Disadvantages of contraceptive injection?

A
  • Cause weight gain
  • cause mood swings and headaches
49
Q

How effective is contraceptive injection?

A

Over 99%

50
Q

What type of contraceptive is contraceptive implant?

A

Hormonal
Progesterone

51
Q

Advantages of contraceptive implant

A
  • reversable
  • lasts for 3 years
52
Q

Disadvantages of contraceptive implant?

A
  • No STI protection
  • might cause discomfort
  • be inserted by doctor
53
Q

How effective is contraceptive implant?

A

Over 99%

54
Q

What type of contraception is IUD or coil?

A

Neither
Has copper

55
Q

Advantages of IUD or coil?

A
  • No side effects
  • lasts 5-10 years
56
Q

Disadvantages of IUD or coil?

A
  • additional bleeding and cramps
  • no STI protection
57
Q

How effective is IUD or coil?

A

Over 99%

58
Q

What type of contraception is Intrauterine system (IUS)?

A

Hormonal

59
Q

Advantages of intrauterine system (IUS)?

A
  • lasts 3-5 years
  • safe to use when breastfeeding
60
Q

Disadvantages of Intrauterine system (IUS)?

A
  • no STI protection
  • can cause headaches, sore breasts, mood swings
61
Q

How effective is Intrauterine system (IUS)?

A

Over 99%

62
Q

What type of contraception is Emergency contraception (morning after pill)?

A

Hormonal

63
Q

Advantages of Emergency contraception (morning after pill)?

A
  • very important for emergencies
64
Q

Disadvantages of Emergency contraception (morning after pill)?

A
  • still needs contraception
  • up to 25 pounds
  • last resort
65
Q

How effective is emergency contraception (morning after pill)?

A
  • 95% - 24 hours after
  • 85% - 48 hours after
  • 58% - 72 hours after (Levonelle)
    EllaOne is 98% effective upto 120 hours
66
Q

What are the ovaries?

A
  • two ovaries control production of oestrogen and progesterone
  • contain ova (eggs) and release one every month (ovulation)
67
Q

What is the fallopian tubes?

A
  • connect ovaries and uterus.
  • Cilia waft egg towards uterus.
  • Carry sperm towards egg
  • Fertilisation happens here
68
Q

What is uterus?

A
  • Muscular bag where baby grows and develops
  • Lining holds fertilised eggs
  • uterus protects and nourishes foetus and placenta as they grow.
69
Q

What is the cervix?

A
  • Strong ring of muscle separating uterus and vagina.
  • Holds baby securely in place
  • opens (dilates) during labour allowing baby to be born
  • During ovulation, creates mucus to help transport sperm.W
70
Q

What is the vagina?

A
  • muscular tube leading towards, connecting cervix to outside world
  • Penis enters during sex
  • Folds of skin (labia) meet at entrance forming a vulva
  • acts as a passage for childbirth and blood and tissue during menstruation
71
Q

What is the lining of the uterus / endometrium?

A
  • Thickens each month ready for a fertilised egg
  • If this doesn’t happen, lining is shed out through vagina as a woman’s monthly menstrual period
72
Q

Label the female reproductive system:

A

1 - vagina
2 - cervix
3 - endometrium / lining of uterus
4 - uterus
5 - fallopian tubes
6 - fimbriae

73
Q

What are the primary changes in males during puberty?

A
  • penis and testes enlarge
  • sperm starts to be produced
  • secretions released from prostate gland
74
Q

What are secondary changes in males during puberty?

A
  • growth of chest, pubic, and armpit hair
  • voice deepens because of changes in larynx
75
Q

What are primary changes in females during puberty?

A
  • ovulation occurs
  • menstruation begins
  • uterus and vagina grow
76
Q

What are secondary changes in females during puberty?

A
  • breasts develop
  • growth of pubic and armpit hair
  • body changes - hips widen and waist narrows
77
Q

What do hormones do in puberty in females?

A
  • hormones stimulate ovaries to begin producing oestrogen.
  • Oestrogen and LH and FSH mature body and prepare for pregnancy.
  • Progesterone focuses on uterine lining (endometrium)
78
Q

What do hormones do in puberty in males?

A
  • release hormone testosterone which triggers puberty
79
Q

What is Phase 1 of menstrual cycle?

A
  • period
  • lining sheds
  • day 1 - 5
80
Q

What is Phase 2 of menstrual cycle?

A
  • Proliferate phase
  • oestrogen and progesterone increase and egg matures in ovaries
  • days 6 - 13
81
Q

What is Phase 3 of menstrual cycle?

A
  • ovulation
  • egg is released
  • woman is most fertile here

Class - Year 10 (5 decks)

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