Child Development

Question 1

What stages can child development be classified into?

Answer 1

Preschool (0-5 years old)

• Neonatal
• Infancy
• Toddlers
• Preschooler

Primary school/mixed dentition years

Adolesence

Question 2

When should the first oral exam be done?

Answer 2

12 months old

Question 3

What is the average weight a 1 year old?

Answer 3

10kg

Question 4

What is the average weight of a 6 year old?

Answer 4

20kg

Question 5

What are the 3 stages to Piaget’s Theory of Development?

Answer 5

Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 6

When does each stage occur and what develops at each stage?

Answer 6

Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2years)

• Learn via taste, touch, sight, sound, manipulation
• Object permanence
• Causality (cause and effect)
• Symbolic play

Preoperational (2 - 4 years)

• Some intuitive thought
• Intelligence based on centration (tendency to focus on one factor without considering the whole)
• Language and make believe play develop
• Between 4-7 develop intuitive thought (more complex thoughts and images, reading and writing skills, greater vocab, longer attention span, control over impulses, tolerance of separation from parents)

Concrete operational (7-11)

• Basic logic
• Questioning self-perceptions
• Growth in mental capacity

Formal operational (11-15)

• Highest level of intellectual development
• Abstract thinking
• Rebellion, discontent with real vs possible

Question 7

At what age should a child be able to walk, talk toilet trained?

Answer 7

Walk: 1 - 1.5 years
Talk: 2 years
Toilet training: 4 years

Question 8

What is Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

Answer 8

• Children learn to socialise in predetermined order of stages
• Each stage characterised by initiative vs guilt
• Successful completion of each stage results in healthy personality and successful interaction

(lecture 03 Feb 19th but don’t need to know)

Question 9

What are the possible different personality types in children?

Answer 9

• Easy temperament: generally cooperative with all treatment visits
• Slow to warm: shy temperament, may need time to adjust, respond best to warm, calm, sensitive approach
• Difficult temperament: respond best to structure delivered in confident manner (e.g. voice control)

Question 10

What scale is used to rate a child’s cooperation level?

Answer 10

Frankl scale (1-4 from least to most co-operatively) or Wright scale (from – to ++)

Question 11

When should the first set of b/w’s be taken? (age)

Answer 11

4-5 years old, or once contacts have closed

Question 12

How frequently shoudl B/W’s be taken?

Answer 12

High risk: 6-12 months

Low risk: 12- 24 months (mixed); 18-36 months (perm)

Question 13

What factors should be taken into account when treatment planning?

Answer 13

• Co-operative ability
• MHx
• Age, growth, development
• Disease control
• Caries risk
• Time to exfoliation
• Family history, genetic disposition
• Environmental causes
• Abnormal dental development

-TMT sequence, Which quadrant to start
-Parent present?
-Need for premedication (RA)
LA block vs infiltration
-Life expectancy
-Caries risk
-Referrals