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BMD Exam 1 > Child Development > Flashcards

Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

At birth…

A
  • preference for human face
  • hands fisted/closed
  • turns head side to side
  • sees objects 8-12 inches away
  • recognized caregiver’s voice/smell
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2
Q

Anticipatory guidance for children at birth

A

Safe sleeping, feeding, car seats, supporting head

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3
Q

Toys for children at birth

A

Things with high contrast, other people

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4
Q

Language/communication development at 4 months…

A

Baby begins cooing

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5
Q

Cognitive development at 4 months…

A
  • reaches for toy with one hand
  • uses hands and eyes together (to reach for a toy)
  • watches faces closely
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6
Q

Movement/physical development at 4 months…

A
  • holds head steady, unsupported
  • may be able to roll over from tummy to back
  • can hold a toy and shake it
  • brings hands to mouth
  • when lying on stomach, pushes up to elbow
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7
Q

Anticipatory guidelines for children at 4 months

A

Babies can fall off bed, or changing table

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8
Q

Toys for children at 4 months

A

Rattles, anything they can get in their mouth

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9
Q

Language/communication development at 6 months…

A
  • can string vowels together when babbling
  • responds to own name
  • makes sounds to show joy and displeasure
  • begins to say consonants
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10
Q

Social/cognitive developments at 6 months…

A
  • shows curiosity and tries to get things that are out of reach
  • begins to pass things from one hand to the other
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11
Q

Movement/physical development at 6 months…

A
  • rolls over in both directions
  • sits without supports
  • when standing, supports weight on legs, might bounce
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12
Q

Anticipatory guideline for children at 6 months

A

Falling risks from shopping carts and high chairs

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13
Q

Toys for children at 6 months

A

Toys that allow the use of both hands

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14
Q

Language/communication development at 9 months…

A
  • understands no
  • copies sounds and gestures from others
  • uses finger to point to things
  • repetitive consonant sounds (mamama, bababa)
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15
Q

Cognitive development at 9 months…

A
  • watches the path of something as it falls
  • looks for things he sees you hide
  • plays peek-a-boo
  • puts things in mouth
  • uses immature pincer grasp
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16
Q

Movement/physical development at 9 months…

A
  • sits without support
  • pulls to stand
  • crawls
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17
Q

Language/communication development at 12 months…

A
  • responds to simple spoken requests
  • uses simple gestures (shaking head no, waving bye)
  • says “mama” and “dada” and “uh-oh”
  • uses 1 or 2 single words
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18
Q

Cognitive development at 12 months…

A
  • starts to use things correctly (drinks from a cup)
  • puts things in/out containers
  • lets things go without help
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19
Q

Movement/physical development at 12 months…

A
  • pulls to stand, walks holding to furniture (cruising)
  • can take a few steps without holding on
  • may stand alone
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20
Q

Anticipatory guidelines at 12 months

A

Children might pull things down from the stove, hit corners, fall, or drown

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21
Q

Language/communication development at 18 months…

A
  • says several words (6 words)

- points to show someone something/get attention

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22
Q

Cognitive development at 18 months…

A
  • scribbles on own
  • shows interest in doll/stuffed animal by pretending to feed
  • knows what ordinary things are (spoon, telephone)
  • can follow 1-step verbal commands without gestures (ex. sit down)
23
Q

Movement/physical development at 18 months…

A
  • walks alone
  • walks upstairs with hand held
  • climbs onto furniture
  • drinks from a cup, eats with spoon
24
Q

Language/communication development at 2 years…

A

Says sentences with 2 to 4 words

25
Q

Cognitive development at 2 years…

A
  • plays simple make-believe games
  • builds towers with 6+ blocks
  • plays with other children
  • follows 2-step instructions
26
Q

Movement/physical development at 2 years…

A
  • kicks a ball

- runs, jumps

27
Q

Red flags in development

A
  • not walking by 18 months
  • rolling before 3 months
  • hand dominance before 18 months
  • loss of skills
  • no babbling/pointing/gestures by 12 months
  • no single words by 16 months
  • no 2 word sentences by 2 years
28
Q

Language/communication development at 3 years…

A
  • follows instructions with 2 or 3 steps
  • can name most familiar things
  • uses I, we, me, and you
  • can say first name, age, sex
  • can carry on a conversation using 2-3 sentences
  • talks well enough for strangers to understand
29
Q

Cognitive development at 3 years…

A
  • does puzzles with a few pieces
  • copies a circle with pencil/crayon
  • plays simple games
30
Q

Movement/physical development at 3 years…

A
  • pedals a tricycle

- walks up stairs with one foot on each step

31
Q

Language/communication development at 4 years…

A
  • uses he and she correctly
  • tells stories
  • can sing songs from memory
  • can say first and last name
32
Q

Cognitive development at 4 years…

A
  • names some colors/numbers
  • starts to understand the concept of time
  • uses scissors
  • plays with several children, role playing
33
Q

Movement/physical development at 4 years…

A
  • hops and stands on one foot
  • catches a bounced ball
  • alternates feet when going down stairs
34
Q

Language/communication development at 5 years…

A
  • tells a simple story using full sentences
  • uses future tense
  • says name and address
35
Q

Cognitive development at 5 years…

A
  • counts 10+ things
  • can draw a person with at least 6 body parts
  • writes name
  • copies triangle/other geometric shapes
36
Q

Movement/physical development at 5 years…

A
  • skips
  • stands on one foot for 10+ seconds
  • uses a fork/spook and maybe a table knife
37
Q

Key milestones at 4 months

A
  • Supports weight on forearms
  • Opens hand spontaneously
  • Coos, laughs
  • Smiles appropriately
38
Q

Key milestones at 6 months

A
  • Sit momentarily
  • Transfers objects between hands
  • Shows dislikes/likes
  • Babbles
39
Q

Key milestones at 9 months

A
  • Pulls to stand
  • Inferior pincer grasp
  • Plays pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo
  • Imitates sounds
40
Q

Key milestones at 12 months

A
  • Takes steps
  • Releases object on command, fine pincer grasps
  • Points with index finger
  • Uses 1 to 2 meaningful words
41
Q

Key milestones at 18 months

A
  • Walks upstairs with assistance
  • Uses spoon to feed self
  • Mimics actions of others
  • Uses at least 6 words
42
Q

Key milestones at 2 years

A
  • Runs, jumps
  • Builds a tower
  • Plays with others
  • Speaks 2 to 4 word sentences
43
Q

Key milestones at 3 years

A
  • Pedals a tricycle, alternates feet going up stairs
  • Copies circle
  • Plays simple games
  • Knows age/gender, can speak in sentences
44
Q

Key milestones at 4 years

A
  • Hops on one foot, alternates feet doing down stairs
  • Copies square/cross
  • Plays with several children, begins role playing
  • Can tell stories
45
Q

Key milestones at 5 years

A
  • Skips
  • Copies triangle, writes first name
  • Plays competitive games
  • Uses future tense
46
Q

General language guidelines at age 1

A
  • Uses single words

- 25% of speech is intelligible to strangers

47
Q

General language guidelines at age 2

A
  • Uses two word combinations

- 50% of speech is intelligible to strangers

48
Q

General language guidelines at age 3

A
  • Uses three words sentences

- 75% of speech is intelligible to strangers

49
Q

General language guidelines at age 4

A
  • Uses four word sentences

- 100% of speech is intelligible to strangers

50
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A
  • From birth to 2 years

- Infant and toddler use new found skills and motor abilities to explore the environment in order to build new skills

51
Q

Preoperational Thought Stage

A
  • Ages 3 to 6
  • Characterized by egocentric view (assumes everyone sees their point of view)
  • Can use symbols (language)
  • Don’t understand conversationism (tall thin cup has more water than short cup)
52
Q

Concrete Operations Stage

A
  • Ages 7 to 10
  • Uses logical rules to solve problems
  • Can “conserve” number, length, and volume
  • Can begin to take perspective of another
53
Q

Formal Operations Stage

A
  • Ages 11+
  • Can use abstract concepts
  • Considers real and hypothetical events
  • Consider divergent possibilities and what might occur

BMD Exam 1 (8 decks)

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