Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

At birth…

A
  • preference for human face
  • hands fisted/closed
  • turns head side to side
  • sees objects 8-12 inches away
  • recognized caregiver’s voice/smell
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2
Q

Anticipatory guidance for children at birth

A

Safe sleeping, feeding, car seats, supporting head

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3
Q

Toys for children at birth

A

Things with high contrast, other people

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4
Q

Language/communication development at 4 months…

A

Baby begins cooing

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5
Q

Cognitive development at 4 months…

A
  • reaches for toy with one hand
  • uses hands and eyes together (to reach for a toy)
  • watches faces closely
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6
Q

Movement/physical development at 4 months…

A
  • holds head steady, unsupported
  • may be able to roll over from tummy to back
  • can hold a toy and shake it
  • brings hands to mouth
  • when lying on stomach, pushes up to elbow
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7
Q

Anticipatory guidelines for children at 4 months

A

Babies can fall off bed, or changing table

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8
Q

Toys for children at 4 months

A

Rattles, anything they can get in their mouth

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9
Q

Language/communication development at 6 months…

A
  • can string vowels together when babbling
  • responds to own name
  • makes sounds to show joy and displeasure
  • begins to say consonants
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10
Q

Social/cognitive developments at 6 months…

A
  • shows curiosity and tries to get things that are out of reach
  • begins to pass things from one hand to the other
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11
Q

Movement/physical development at 6 months…

A
  • rolls over in both directions
  • sits without supports
  • when standing, supports weight on legs, might bounce
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12
Q

Anticipatory guideline for children at 6 months

A

Falling risks from shopping carts and high chairs

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13
Q

Toys for children at 6 months

A

Toys that allow the use of both hands

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14
Q

Language/communication development at 9 months…

A
  • understands no
  • copies sounds and gestures from others
  • uses finger to point to things
  • repetitive consonant sounds (mamama, bababa)
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15
Q

Cognitive development at 9 months…

A
  • watches the path of something as it falls
  • looks for things he sees you hide
  • plays peek-a-boo
  • puts things in mouth
  • uses immature pincer grasp
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16
Q

Movement/physical development at 9 months…

A
  • sits without support
  • pulls to stand
  • crawls
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17
Q

Language/communication development at 12 months…

A
  • responds to simple spoken requests
  • uses simple gestures (shaking head no, waving bye)
  • says “mama” and “dada” and “uh-oh”
  • uses 1 or 2 single words
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18
Q

Cognitive development at 12 months…

A
  • starts to use things correctly (drinks from a cup)
  • puts things in/out containers
  • lets things go without help
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19
Q

Movement/physical development at 12 months…

A
  • pulls to stand, walks holding to furniture (cruising)
  • can take a few steps without holding on
  • may stand alone
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20
Q

Anticipatory guidelines at 12 months

A

Children might pull things down from the stove, hit corners, fall, or drown

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21
Q

Language/communication development at 18 months…

A
  • says several words (6 words)

- points to show someone something/get attention

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22
Q

Cognitive development at 18 months…

A
  • scribbles on own
  • shows interest in doll/stuffed animal by pretending to feed
  • knows what ordinary things are (spoon, telephone)
  • can follow 1-step verbal commands without gestures (ex. sit down)
23
Q

Movement/physical development at 18 months…

A
  • walks alone
  • walks upstairs with hand held
  • climbs onto furniture
  • drinks from a cup, eats with spoon
24
Q

Language/communication development at 2 years…

A

Says sentences with 2 to 4 words

25
Cognitive development at 2 years...
- plays simple make-believe games - builds towers with 6+ blocks - plays with other children - follows 2-step instructions
26
Movement/physical development at 2 years...
- kicks a ball | - runs, jumps
27
Red flags in development
- not walking by 18 months - rolling before 3 months - hand dominance before 18 months - loss of skills - no babbling/pointing/gestures by 12 months - no single words by 16 months - no 2 word sentences by 2 years
28
Language/communication development at 3 years...
- follows instructions with 2 or 3 steps - can name most familiar things - uses I, we, me, and you - can say first name, age, sex - can carry on a conversation using 2-3 sentences - talks well enough for strangers to understand
29
Cognitive development at 3 years...
- does puzzles with a few pieces - copies a circle with pencil/crayon - plays simple games
30
Movement/physical development at 3 years...
- pedals a tricycle | - walks up stairs with one foot on each step
31
Language/communication development at 4 years...
- uses he and she correctly - tells stories - can sing songs from memory - can say first and last name
32
Cognitive development at 4 years...
- names some colors/numbers - starts to understand the concept of time - uses scissors - plays with several children, role playing
33
Movement/physical development at 4 years...
- hops and stands on one foot - catches a bounced ball - alternates feet when going down stairs
34
Language/communication development at 5 years...
- tells a simple story using full sentences - uses future tense - says name and address
35
Cognitive development at 5 years...
- counts 10+ things - can draw a person with at least 6 body parts - writes name - copies triangle/other geometric shapes
36
Movement/physical development at 5 years...
- skips - stands on one foot for 10+ seconds - uses a fork/spook and maybe a table knife
37
Key milestones at 4 months
- Supports weight on forearms - Opens hand spontaneously - Coos, laughs - Smiles appropriately
38
Key milestones at 6 months
- Sit momentarily - Transfers objects between hands - Shows dislikes/likes - Babbles
39
Key milestones at 9 months
- Pulls to stand - Inferior pincer grasp - Plays pat-a-cake and peek-a-boo - Imitates sounds
40
Key milestones at 12 months
- Takes steps - Releases object on command, fine pincer grasps - Points with index finger - Uses 1 to 2 meaningful words
41
Key milestones at 18 months
- Walks upstairs with assistance - Uses spoon to feed self - Mimics actions of others - Uses at least 6 words
42
Key milestones at 2 years
- Runs, jumps - Builds a tower - Plays with others - Speaks 2 to 4 word sentences
43
Key milestones at 3 years
- Pedals a tricycle, alternates feet going up stairs - Copies circle - Plays simple games - Knows age/gender, can speak in sentences
44
Key milestones at 4 years
- Hops on one foot, alternates feet doing down stairs - Copies square/cross - Plays with several children, begins role playing - Can tell stories
45
Key milestones at 5 years
- Skips - Copies triangle, writes first name - Plays competitive games - Uses future tense
46
General language guidelines at age 1
- Uses single words | - 25% of speech is intelligible to strangers
47
General language guidelines at age 2
- Uses two word combinations | - 50% of speech is intelligible to strangers
48
General language guidelines at age 3
- Uses three words sentences | - 75% of speech is intelligible to strangers
49
General language guidelines at age 4
- Uses four word sentences | - 100% of speech is intelligible to strangers
50
Sensorimotor Stage
- From birth to 2 years | - Infant and toddler use new found skills and motor abilities to explore the environment in order to build new skills
51
Preoperational Thought Stage
- Ages 3 to 6 - Characterized by egocentric view (assumes everyone sees their point of view) - Can use symbols (language) - Don't understand conversationism (tall thin cup has more water than short cup)
52
Concrete Operations Stage
- Ages 7 to 10 - Uses logical rules to solve problems - Can "conserve" number, length, and volume - Can begin to take perspective of another
53
Formal Operations Stage
- Ages 11+ - Can use abstract concepts - Considers real and hypothetical events - Consider divergent possibilities and what might occur