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BMD Exam 1 > Adolescent Development > Flashcards

Adolescent Development Flashcards

1
Q

Define adolescence

A

The period between childhood and adulthood, ages 12-21. Often defines as the period of onset of physical changes of puberty until adoption of the adult role.

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2
Q

“Storm and Stress”

A

Empiric evidence for increased conflict with parents, mood volatility, and increased risk behavior, recklessnesss, and sensation seeking

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3
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Body organs and reproductive structures and functions that differ between men and women (ex: gonads, testes, ovaries)

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4
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Characteristics of the body that are caused by hormonal changes during puberty and last through adult life (ex: changes in genitals, breasts, voice, pubic/body/facial hair)

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5
Q

Physical changes in adolescents

A

-Gain 25% of final height
-Double body mass
-Major increase in genital system and secondary sex characteristics
-Changes in shoulder width, pelvic width
Changes in facial structure and appearance

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6
Q

Biological changes and psychosocial changes in adolescents

A
  • Physical changes demand accommodation (understanding, coping, acceptance)
  • Hormonal affects on brain fxn and behavior
  • Poor adaptation can slow puberty
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7
Q

Pubertal changes

A

Change in body image: teens are very attentive to physical changes which have a psychological impact

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8
Q

Rate of Maturation in adolescents

A
  • Early maturation usually benefits boys, but not girls
  • Early maturing girls had more negative feelings about their physical development, while boys tend to have more positive feelings
  • Late maturing boys have lower self esteem and difficulties with independence
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9
Q

Puberty-related behavior and psychological domains

A

Adolescent period is marked by an increased biological driven intensity of emotions, and a greater inclination to seek experiences that create high intensity feelings

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10
Q

Adolescent cognitive development

A

From concrete to formal operations. Includes abstraction, hypothesizing, combinatorial logic, and future considerations

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11
Q

Adolescent “egocentrisim”

A

Personal fable and imaginary audience

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12
Q

Personal fable

A

A belief that they are special and unique, so much so that none of life’s difficulties or problems will affect them, regardless of their behavior

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13
Q

Imaginary audience

A

A belief held by young adolescents that multitudes of people are enthusiastically listening or watching him/her

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14
Q

Identity

A

Mature delf definition; sense self internally and role in society

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15
Q

Identity crisis

A

Uncertainty and discomfort that adolescents experience when searching for an individual and societal role

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16
Q

Adolescent identity development

A

Rapid flux of clothing, hair, appearance, ideas, beliefs, values, peer group, goals, and view of future

17
Q

Erikson’s: Identity vs. Role confusion

A

Necessary to establish basic social identity, orient to an occupational identity, establish personal commitments to goals, beliefs, values, and integrate personal, familial, cultural identities

18
Q

James Marcia - Identity Statuses

A

Commitment to an identity vs. searching for an identity

19
Q

Identity diffusion

A

Commitment and searching are absent. Have not yet thought about or resolved identity issues, have failed to chart future life course.

20
Q

Identity foreclosure

A

Commitment is present, but searching is absent. Have chosen an identity without experiencing crisis or deciding what they want for themselves.

21
Q

Moratorium

A

Commitment is absent, but searching is present. Experiencing identity crisis and actively questioning life choices and commitments.

22
Q

Identity Achievement

A

Commitment and searching are present. Have resolved identity issues by personally choosing particular goals, beliefs, and values.

23
Q

Adolescent social development

A

Transition from home/family to adult intimacy and new family through community and society by peer involvement/wider circle of acquaintances.

24
Q

Successful identity development

A
  • Requires successful peer involvement
  • Self image/self concept
  • Social support
25
Q

Peer pressure

A

Influence from a peer group, observers, or an individual that exerts or encourages other to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform to those of the influencing group or individual

26
Q

Developmental tasks of adolescence

A
  • Win acceptance of peers
  • Achieve independence from the family (individuation)
  • Develop the capacity to love a person and be intimate
  • Achieve a comfortable sense of self
  • Achieve an effective value/moral system
27
Q

Early adolescent psychosocial development

A
  • Biological: early to mid puberty
  • Cognitive: concrete thinking
  • Identity: self identifies using parental ideas, values
  • Emotional: compared to childhood, increasing mood changes, anxiety, and stress
  • Social: family and peers are primary focus
28
Q

Middle adolescent psychosocial development

A
  • Biological: late puberty to post puberty
  • Cognitive: started abstract thinking with variability and egocentrism
  • Identity: actively striving to identify self in contradistinction to parents, adult culture
  • Emotional: changeable, but developing more ability to moderate emotions
  • Social: emotional separation from parents. Peers are primary focus. Experimenting with intimacy/love
29
Q

Late adolescent psychosocial development

A
  • Biological: post puberty
  • Cognitive: concrete thought more like adults
  • Identity: beginning to identify for oneself genuinely
  • Emotional: more adult-like in coping, reaction to stressful circumstances, more reliance on others in fxn
  • Social: intimate partner and vocational goals primary focus
30
Q

Adolescent health

A
  • Technically, the healthiest period of the life span

- Overall morbidity/mortality rates increase 200-300% from childhood to late adolescence

31
Q

Changes in brain structure/fxn during adolescence

A
  • Sensitive neuroplastic period
  • Brain maturation is not complete until about 25 (especially the prefrontal cortex)
  • Adolescent brain (12-18 yrs) has a loss of overall number of neurons (grey matter) and an increase in myelinated fibers (white matter)
  • Changes in brain’s reward circuitry
32
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • Seat of personality, judgement, reasoning, problem solving, and rational decision making
  • Provides logic and understanding of consequences
  • Governs impulsivity, aggression, ability to organize thoughts, and plan for the future
  • Controls capacity for abstraction, attention, cognitive flexibility, and goal persistence
  • Not fully developed until mid 20’s
33
Q

Brain development: emotional regulation

A

Limbic system - regulated by prefrontal cortex; affects motivation, emotional regulation, stress response, self regulation

34
Q

Adolescent health problems

A
  • Mortality: accidents, homicide, suicide

- Morbidity: STIs, pregnancy, substance abuse, obesity, eating disorders, psychiatric problems

35
Q

Adolescent suicide

A
  • 3rd leading cause of death
  • 90% with diagnosable psychiatric disorder at time of death
  • Genetic vulnerability to depression increasing with subsequent generations
36
Q

Goal of primary care in adolescents

A
  • Screen for illness and risk of illness
  • Educate patient regarding health areas
  • Promote healthy behavior
37
Q

Heads - psychosocial screening

A
  • Home: environment, relationships
  • Education: academic performance, career aspirations, grade level
  • Eating: nutrition, attitudes
  • Activities: interests, work, participation
  • Affect/Anxiety
  • Drugs: smoking, drinking, drug use
  • Sexuality: behavior, orientation, attitudes
  • Safety: driving behavior, violence screen, abuse

BMD Exam 1 (8 decks)

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