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mental health > Child and Adolescent Disorder > Flashcards

Child and Adolescent Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is resiliency
What influences it?

A

How well a person gets back up/bounce back from a situation.
Influence: positive factors and experiences

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2
Q

Developmental assessment

A

growth and development chart, noticing any abnormalities

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3
Q

Mental status assessment

A

depression and anxiety. Withdrawn

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4
Q

Denver II developmental screening test

A

look at developmental issues. Looking at kids in specific ages and the norms for their age.

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5
Q

Definition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

Pattern of inattention, memory deficits, learning, speech, and hearing disabilities. not recognized until child enters school

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6
Q

Types of ADHD

A

Combined presentation, predominantly inattentive presentation,
predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

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7
Q

Biological influences for ADHD

A

Genetics
Biochemical: neurotransmitters
Anatomical changes: < volume and activity in prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors that influence ADHD

A

maternal smoking, intrauterine exposure to toxic substances, fetal alcohol syndrome, maternal infections. Low birth weight, trauma, early infancy infections, or other insults to the brain, maternal hypertension, prematurity

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9
Q

Environmental influences of ADHD

A

elevated serum levels of lead, food dyes, and additives, preservatives, and sugar

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10
Q

Psychosocial influences of ADHD

A

disorganized or chaotic environments, young maternal age at birth, paternal history of antisocial behavior, and maternal depression

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11
Q

S&S of ADHD

A

impulsive, hyperactive, functional impairments, restlessness, disorganization, insomnia

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12
Q

Treatment of ADHD

A

Utilize parents and child therapy, school interventions, and medications

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13
Q

Medications for ADHD

A

CNS stimulants: dextroamphetamine (addictive) , methylphenidate

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14
Q

Nursing interventions for ADHD

A

Encourage self-worth, allowing breaks during classes

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15
Q

Definition of oppositional defiant disorder

A

Persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior & interferes with social, education, and occupational of functioning

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16
Q

Biological influences of ODD

A

Temperament

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17
Q

Family influences of ODD

A

Power struggle between parent and child
Hx of abuse, neglect, or other traumas

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18
Q

How is someone diagnosed with ODD

A

has to happen outside of the family unit

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19
Q

S&S of ODD

A

fighting siblings, running away from home a lot, disrespectful for adults. Passive-aggressive behaviors: stubbornness, procrastination, disobedience, negativism

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20
Q

Viewpoint of someone with ODD

A

Do not see themselves as being oppositional but view the problems as arising from others whom they believe are making unreasonable demands on them. Perceive human relationships as negative and unsatisfactory

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21
Q

Nursing interventions of ODD

A

Encourage feelings of self-worth, take responsibility for actions, encourage cooperation with family, assist with the develop of socially appropriate behaviors, setup structures and boundaries
Understand that there are consequences to their behaviors

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22
Q

Definition of Conduct disorder

A

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

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23
Q

Biological influences of conduct disorder

A

Biological influences: genetics, irritable temperament, poor compliance, inattentiveness, and impulsivity, unstable families.

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24
Q

Psychosocial influences of CD

A

poor academic performance and social maladaptation, engaging in risk-taking behaviors

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25
Q

Family influences of CD

A

parental rejection, neglect, or severe physical and verbal aggression, parental sociopathy, inconsistent or harsh punitive discipline, lack of parental supervision, frequent changes in residence, economic stressors, parents with antisocial personality disorder, marital conflict and divorce

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26
Q

S&S of CD

A

engaging in fighting, bullying on crack, intimidating people and deliberately destroying property. Stealing, lying, and truancy. Low self esteem. low level of academic achievement

27
Q

CD could lead to

A

Antisocial personality disorder, mood disorders, learning disabilities, substance abuse, participation in sexual activities

28
Q

Nursing interventions of CD

A

Develop empathy

29
Q

Definition of Autism spectrum disorder

A

Withdrawal of the child into the self and into a fantasy world of his or her own creation. Abnormal or impaired dev. in social interaction and communication and restricted activity and interests

30
Q

Level 1 of autism

A

high functioning. Require some organizational social deficits. Trouble bonding with other children. Speech and language is normal. No social skills

31
Q

Level 2 of autism

A

Social impairments. Repetitive behavior. Some language and speech barriers

32
Q

Level 3 of autism

A

Severe language and speech barriers. Might not be even verbal, repetitive behavior

33
Q

Prenatal and perinatal influences of autism

A

Advanced parental age, fetal exposure to valproate, gestational diabetes, and gestational bleeding
Low birth weight, obstetrical complications, hyperbilirubinemia, congenital malformation, exposure to environmental toxins

34
Q

Neurological implications of autism

A

Enlarged size of amygdala, striatum and total brain volume

35
Q

S&S of autism
Impairment in social interaction

A

Show little interest in people and often do not respond to others
Aversion to affection and physical contact
Lack of spontaneity manifested in less cooperative play, less imaginative play, and fewer friendships
Inability to accurately process others’ feelings or affect

36
Q

S&S of autism
Impairment in communication and imaginative activity

A

Verbal: absent or immature structure or idiosyncratic utterances
Nonverbal: Absent facial expressions or gestures
Overreact to sound or other stimuli
Play is restricted and repetitive

37
Q

S&S of autism
restricted activities and interests

A

Attachment or extreme fascination with objects that move or spin, stereotype body movements and verbalizations, only eating specific foods, self-injurious behavior

38
Q

Treatment of autism

A

yearly checkups, CBT, early intervention program,

39
Q

Medications of autism
Goal

A

antipsychotic, SSRI/beta blocker
relief of targeted irritability symptoms: aggression

40
Q

Definition of intellectual disability

A

Intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains.D

41
Q

Diagnosis of intellectual disability

A

IQ tests. Presence of deficits in intellectual and adaptive domains

42
Q

Genetic factors of intellectual disability

A

inborn errors of metabolism, chromosomal disorders, single-gene abnormalities

43
Q

Pregnancy and perinatal factors of intellectual disability

A

fetal malnutrition, prematurity, trauma to the head during process of birth
maternal ingestion of alcohol, maternal illnesses and infections during pregnancy, complications of pregnancy

44
Q

General medical conditions acquired in infancy or childhood that causes intellectual disability

A

meningitis and encephalitis, poisonings, physical trauma

45
Q

Sociocultural factors and other mental disorders that cause intellectual disorder

A

deprivation of nurturance and social stimulation and to impoverished environment

46
Q

Levels of Intellectual disability

A

Mild 50-70
Moderate 35-49
Severe 20-34
Profound < 20

47
Q

ADL capabilities of Intellectual disability

A

Mild: independent
Moderate: perform some activities independently
Severe: Elementary hygiene skills. Require supervision
Profound: Require aid & supervision. ADL inability

48
Q

Cognitive/educational capabilities Intellectual disability

A

Mild: 6th grade level
Moderate: 2nd grade level
Severe: Unable to benefit
Profound: Understand if one-to-one relationship, may respond

49
Q

Social/Communication capabilities Intellectual disability

A

Mild: Dev. social skills
Moderate: Some limitations in speech. Difficulty adhering to social convention
Severe: minimal verbal skills, acting-out behavior
Profound: little. no capacity for socialization

50
Q

Psychomotor capabilities
Intellectual disability

A

Mild: not affected, problems with coordination
Moderate: Fair, unskilled gross motor
Severe: poor psychomotor dev. Able to only perform simple tasks
Profound: lack of ability for fine or gross motor

51
Q

Treatment of Intellectual disability

A

physical therapy, ot, speech therapy, counseling, no meds

52
Q

Definition of Tourette’s disorder

A

Presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, which may appear simultaneously or a t different periods during the illness. May cause distress or interfere with social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

53
Q

Causes/Risk factors of Tourette

A

Genetics: ADHD and OCD
Biochemical factors: abnormalities in dopamine and norepinephrine
Structural factors: abnormalities in frontal lobes

54
Q

Environmental factors of Tourette’s disorder

A

Maternal alcohol use, low birth weight, complications during childbirth, and infection

55
Q

Vocal tics of Tourette’s disorder

A

Squeaks, grunts, barks, sniffs, snorts, coughs, and uttering of obscenities
Palilalia, echolalia, repeating certain words or phrases out of context

56
Q

Simple motor tics

A

neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, and facial grimacing

57
Q

Complex motor tics

A

squatting, hopping, skipping, tapping, and retracing steps

58
Q

S&S of Tourette’s disorder

A

Motor tics
Vocal tics
Difficulties with reading, writing , and arithmetic

59
Q

Treatment of Tourette’s disorder

A

Anti psychotics: control of tics and vocal utterances. EPS symptoms
Atypical anti psychotics: less side effects
Alpha agonist: anithypertensive agents

60
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

Positive reinforcement encourage repetition of desirable behaviors, and aversive reinforcements discourage repetition of undesirable behaviors

61
Q

Family therapy

A

Parents should be involved in designing and implementing treatment plan and involved in all aspects of treatment

62
Q

Group therapy

A

Provides children and adolescents opportunity to interact with peers of similarity

63
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

Used in conjunction with therapy

mental health (7 decks)

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