Bipolar and Depression

Question 1

Causes of mood disorders

Answer 1

Genetics, changes in norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine
Cognitive: learned negative behaviors
Behavioral: learned helplessness theory
Harsh superego

Question 2

What is bipolar disorder

Answer 2

mood disorders marked by severe, pathologic mood swings, psychotic symptoms, mania or hypomania with depression

Question 3

Types: Bipolar 1

Answer 3

classic and more severe
Manic or mixed. Alternate with major depressive disorder symptoms

Question 4

Types: Bipolar II

Answer 4

hypomania
Alternates with depressive episodes
Not as severe

Question 5

Types: Bipolar disorder cyclothymic

Answer 5

numerous hypomanic mingled with numerous depressive episodes that don’t meet criteria for major depressive disorder
Go through more cycles

Question 6

Causes of bipolar disorder

Answer 6

Genetic
> nor & dopa, < ser
Precipitating events: life events, serious loss

Question 7

Manic symptoms of bipolar

Answer 7

Expansive, grandiose or hyperirritable mood
Increased psychomotor activity
Excessive social extroversion
Short attention span
Rapid speech with flight of ideas
Decreased need for sleep and food
Impulsivity
Impaired judgment
Easy distractibility
Rapid response to external stimuli

Question 8

Depressive symptoms of bipolar

Answer 8

Low self esteem
Social withdrawal
Feelings of hopelessness
Difficulty concentrating
Slowing of speech and responses
Sexual dysfunction
Sleep disturbances
Weight loss
Slow gait

Question 9

Acute phase of bipolar client care

Answer 9

hospitalization, safety, and reduce manic symptoms, one on one

Question 10

Maintenance phase of bipolar client care

Answer 10

Increase ability to function in community, medication compliance, prevent future manic episodes, lifetime

Question 11

Continuation phase of bipolar client care

Answer 11

4-9 months depends, preventing relapse, medication adherence

Question 12

Treatment of bipolar disorder

Answer 12

Lithium
Valprioic acid
Carbamazepine
Valproate

Question 13

Nursing interventions for manic phase for bipolar

Answer 13

Provide physical needs
Encourage eating
Suggest naps & help with personal hygiene
Diversionary activities
Calm environment
Realistic goals for behavior
Collaborate with other staff

Question 14

Nursing interventions for depressive phase of bipolar

Answer 14

Provide physical needs
Encourage eating
Positive reinforcement
Observe
Encourage talking/writing about feelings

Question 15

What is cyclothymic disorder?

Answer 15

short periods of mild depression with short period of hypomania
Person never goes more than 2 months without symptoms

Question 16

Cyclothymic hypomanic symptoms

Answer 16

Insomnia
Hyperactivity
Inflated self esteem
Increased productivity
Over involvement in pleasurable activities
Physical restlessness
Rapid speech

Question 17

Cyclothymic depressive symptoms

Answer 17

Insomnia/hypersomnia
Feelings of inadequacy
< productivity
Social withdrawal
Loss of libido
< interest in pleasurable activities
Lethargy
Depressed speech

Question 18

Treatment of cyclothymic disorder

Answer 18

Lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid, verapamil, individual psychotherapy, family therapy

Question 19

Nursing interventions of Cyclyothymic disorder

Answer 19

Explore ways to help the client cope with frequent mood changes

Question 20

Types of depressiion

Answer 20

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Substance induced depressive disorder
Depressive disorder associated with another medical condition: terminal, hormonal
Postpartum depression

Question 21

Causes of major depressive disorder

Answer 21

Genetics
Biochemical defects
Negative expectations
Depression after loss
Medications
Cancer, anemia, exposure to bacteria

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of MDD

Answer 22

Feeling down in the dumps
> or < appetite
Sleep disturbance
< in sex
Difficulty concentrating of thinking
Indecisiveness
Low self esteem
Poor coping
Constipation or diarrhea

Question 23

Acute phase of MDD

Answer 23

6-12 weeks, hospitalized decrease depression through medication, kept safe, suicidal ideation

Question 24

Continuation phase MDD

Answer 24

4-9 months. ability to function to prevent relapse, increase self esteem and confidence

Question 25

Maintenance phase MDD

Answer 25

lifetime. Prevent readmission, stabilized, going to therapy, learning coping mechanisms

Question 26

Treatment of MDD

Answer 26

ECT
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Light therapy
Psychotherapy
CBT

Question 27

Pharmacologic therapy for MDD

Answer 27

SSRIs
SNRIs
TCA
MAOIs

Question 28

Nursing interventions for MDD

Answer 28

Provide for physical needs
Observe pt behavior
Encourage talking about feelings
Structured routine
Education about depression

Question 29

What is dysthymia

Answer 29

Mild depression that last at least 2 years in adults or 1 year in children

Question 30

Causes of dysthymia

Answer 30

Decreased serotonin
Multiple stressors
Personality disorder, poor coping mechanisms

Question 31

S&S of dysthymia

Answer 31

Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood
< in activities
Excessive crying
Weight loss/appetite changes
Sleep difficulties
Poor concentration
Inability to make decision
Reduced energy levels

Question 32

Treatment of dysthymia

Answer 32

Psychotherapy
Behavioral therapy
Group therapy

Question 33

Pharmacologic therapy of dysthymia

Answer 33

SSRIs, TCAs

Question 34

Nursing interventions of dysthymia

Answer 34

Provide reassurance
Education on illness
Urge pt to engage in activities that enhance his/her sense of accomplishment
Encourage + health habits