CHF

Question 1

What is an abnormality of cardiac structure or function that prevents the heart from ejecting or filling, causing dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, and circulatory congestion?

Answer 1

Heart Failure

Question 2

What describes a failure that develops or progresses slowly and in which vascular congestion is common but arterial pressure is maintained until very late?

Answer 2

Chronic Heart Failure

Question 3

What describes inadequate response to usual treatments?

Answer 3

Refractory Heart Failure

Question 4

During Systolic Dysfunction, what happens to the ventricle and what kind of hypertrophy develops when elevated stroke volume is required for long periods of time?

Answer 4

ventricle dilates with eccentric hypertrophy

Question 5

What kind of activity causes systolic dysfunction?

Answer 5

aerobic activities

Question 6

During Systolic Dysfunction, what kind of ventricular hypertrophy does chronic pressure overload lead to?

Answer 6

Concentric ventricular hypertrophy

Question 7

What kind of activity causes diastolic dysfunction?

Answer 7

anaerobic activities

Question 8

What valve of the heart does ventricular remodeling usually affect?

Answer 8

Mitral valve

Question 9

What form of failure is the inability of the ventricle to contract normally with symptoms resulting from inadequate cardiac output?

Answer 9

Systolic failure

Question 10

What is the ejection fraction (EF) of systolic failure?

Answer 10

EF <40%

Question 11

What form of failure is the inability of the ventricle to relax and fill normally with symptoms from elevated filling pressures?

Answer 11

Diastolic failure

Question 12

What is the ejection fraction (EF) of diastolic failure?

Answer 12

EF <50%

Question 13

T/F: Systolic and diastolic failure co-exist in most patients with HF

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What form of failure occurs when cardiac output is diminished at rest and fails to increase normally with exertion?

Answer 14

Low output failure

Question 15

What form of failure occurs when the normally functioning heart cannot keep up with the dramatically increased demand for blood flow?

Answer 15

High output failure

Question 16

What form of failure is when the left ventricle is overloaded and/or weakened resulting in pulmonary congestion?

Answer 16

Left-sided HF

Question 17

What form of failure is an abnormality affecting the right ventricle resulting in edema and systemic venous distention?

Answer 17

Right-sided HF

Question 18

How much BNP level is indicative of Heart Failure?

Answer 18

> 200 pg/mL

Question 19

What is the name of the criteria for diagnosis of CHF?

Answer 19

Framingham criteria

Question 20

What is required under the Framingham criteria to establish a clinical diagnosis of CHF?

Answer 20

at least 1 major and 2 minor

Question 21

What stage is at high risk for HF, but no evident structural heart disease or symptoms of HF?

Answer 21

Stage A

Question 22

What stage is structural heart disease without symptoms of HF?

Answer 22

Stage B

Question 23

What stage is structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF?

Answer 23

Stage C

Question 24

What stage is Refractory HF requiring specialized interventions?

Answer 24

Stage D

Question 25

What consists of dilation and hypertrophy of the right ventricle in response to diseases of the pulmonary vasculature and/or lung parenchyma (excluding congenital heart disease and RHF due to dysfunction of the left heart)?

Answer 25

Cor Pulmonale

Question 26

What is 50% of Cor pulmonate due to?

Answer 26

COPD

Question 27

What does sustained pressure overload and/or increased pulmonary vascular resistance lead to?

Answer 27

Right ventricle failure

Question 28

What is the most common cause of Right Ventricle failure?

Answer 28

Left heart failure