CHF Flashcards
What is an abnormality of cardiac structure or function that prevents the heart from ejecting or filling, causing dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, and circulatory congestion?
Heart Failure
What describes a failure that develops or progresses slowly and in which vascular congestion is common but arterial pressure is maintained until very late?
Chronic Heart Failure
What describes inadequate response to usual treatments?
Refractory Heart Failure
During Systolic Dysfunction, what happens to the ventricle and what kind of hypertrophy develops when elevated stroke volume is required for long periods of time?
ventricle dilates with eccentric hypertrophy
What kind of activity causes systolic dysfunction?
aerobic activities
During Systolic Dysfunction, what kind of ventricular hypertrophy does chronic pressure overload lead to?
Concentric ventricular hypertrophy
What kind of activity causes diastolic dysfunction?
anaerobic activities
What valve of the heart does ventricular remodeling usually affect?
Mitral valve
What form of failure is the inability of the ventricle to contract normally with symptoms resulting from inadequate cardiac output?
Systolic failure
What is the ejection fraction (EF) of systolic failure?
EF <40%
What form of failure is the inability of the ventricle to relax and fill normally with symptoms from elevated filling pressures?
Diastolic failure
What is the ejection fraction (EF) of diastolic failure?
EF <50%
T/F: Systolic and diastolic failure co-exist in most patients with HF
True
What form of failure occurs when cardiac output is diminished at rest and fails to increase normally with exertion?
Low output failure
What form of failure occurs when the normally functioning heart cannot keep up with the dramatically increased demand for blood flow?
High output failure
What form of failure is when the left ventricle is overloaded and/or weakened resulting in pulmonary congestion?
Left-sided HF
What form of failure is an abnormality affecting the right ventricle resulting in edema and systemic venous distention?
Right-sided HF
How much BNP level is indicative of Heart Failure?
> 200 pg/mL
What is the name of the criteria for diagnosis of CHF?
Framingham criteria
What is required under the Framingham criteria to establish a clinical diagnosis of CHF?
at least 1 major and 2 minor
What stage is at high risk for HF, but no evident structural heart disease or symptoms of HF?
Stage A
What stage is structural heart disease without symptoms of HF?
Stage B
What stage is structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF?
Stage C
What stage is Refractory HF requiring specialized interventions?
Stage D
What consists of dilation and hypertrophy of the right ventricle in response to diseases of the pulmonary vasculature and/or lung parenchyma (excluding congenital heart disease and RHF due to dysfunction of the left heart)?
Cor Pulmonale
What is 50% of Cor pulmonate due to?
COPD
What does sustained pressure overload and/or increased pulmonary vascular resistance lead to?
Right ventricle failure
What is the most common cause of Right Ventricle failure?
Left heart failure