CHF Flashcards
Aldosterone ags
Rx
- spironolactone ALDACTONE
* eplerenone INSPRA
ACEI
Rx
- catopril
* enelapril
ARBs
Rx
- Candesartan
* Valsartan
BBlocker
Rx
Carvedilol
Metoprolol
Funny channel blocker
Rx
Ivabradine CORLANOR
Combined vasodilators
Rx
*isosorbide dinitrate/ hydralazine BIDIL
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
Rx
Milrinone PRIMACOR
RAAS axis
Rx
ALDOSTERONE ANTAG
*spironolactone, eplerenone
ACEI
*Captopril, enalapril
ARB
*candesartan, valsartan
ARNI
*sacubitril/valsartan ENTRESTO
DOWN adverse remodeling
Rx
BBLOCKER
*carvedilol, metoprolol
DOWN HR
FUNNY CHANNEL BLOCKER
*ivabradine CORLANOR
UP CONTRACTILITY
PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS
*milrinone PRIMACOR
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE
Digoxin
Angiotensin receptor - neprolysin inhibitor (ARNI)
Sacubitril/valsartan ENTRESTO
Cardiac glycoside
digoxin
Heart failure with REDUCED EJ
- systolic dysfunction
* Down systolic, up Diastolic
Heart failure with PRESERVED ejection fraction
- Diastolic dysfunction
* Down systolic, Down diastolic
What compensation causes remodeling?
Chronic B1 receptor + Ang II receptor
Goals
Decrease preload, decrease afterload, increase contractility
Most common HF
Systolic = caused by HTN (volume overload)
Diuretics
Mech
- thiazide
- loop
K depleting
*REDUCE PRELOAD = relieve pulmonary congestion
RAAS system
Effect
- UP Blood volume (Preload)
- UP BP (Afterload)
- Fibrosis (aldosterone)
DOWN RAAS]
Rx
- SYMPA = Bblocker
- ACE = ACEI
- ANG II = ARB (vasodilation)
- DOWN FIBROSIS = Spironolactone (+pee Na, keep K)
Spironolactone
ALDACTONE
- DOWN morbidity+mortality
- Aldosterone antag = UP Na excretion
- Protect from fibrosi
- high dose= diuretic
- UP K (monitor)
- W/ Digoxin = AV block
- block progesterone/androgen receptors = gynecomastia
Eplerenone
INSPRA
- like spironolactone
* More selective for aldosterone receptor = less gynecomastia
RAAS system Rx
Effects
ACEI, ARB, ARNI *DOWN afterload *DOWN preload *Protect against adverse remodeling *K+ retention (monitor electrolytes) *DOWN GFR (ang ii efferent arteriole) = mild/moderate renal failure good (ACEI) *monitor: K, kidney function (Cr/BUN) WARNING: DEAD BABY
ARNI effects
*Same as angiotensin II
*Inhibition of both pathways (up neprylisin, up angiotensin II) has greatest effects
*ANRI = GREATER morbidity/mortality reduction than ACEI
*STOP degredation of ANP/BNP by neprilysin =
DOWN renin secretion, UP Na excretion, UP vasodilation
ACEI mech
Block Ang 1 to Ang 2
Neprolysin Rx + dose
Sacubitril (LBQ657) = ANP/BNP
+
Valsartan = takes care of ang 2
ENTRESTO
ARNI vs ACEI
S.E. WHICH MORE? *Hypotension *Mild angioedema *Renal Impairment *Hyperkalemia *Cough
*Hypotension = ARNI
*Mild angioedema = ARNI
Renal Impairment = ACEI
(ARNI will constrict afferent/dilate efferent, ACEI will dilate efferent)CHECK THIS
*Hyperkalemia = ACEI
*Cough = ACEI
BBlocker
Why give?
- inhibit RAAS
- INHIBIT REMODELING
Carvedilol/metoprolol (ONLY THESE) = DOWN morbidity/mortality w/ ACEI + diuretic +/- digoxin
Ivabradine CORLANOR
- blocks funny current (SA)
- reduce HR
- NO EFFECT ON CONTRACTILITY OR CONDUCTION
- symptomatic CHF, LVEF <35%, HR >70
- REDUCE TACH
- Reduce s/s, NO MORTALITY REDUCTION
Vasodilators
Preload vs afterload?
*Preload = Isosorbide dinitrate
NO => dephos Myosin light chain
*Afterload = Hydralazine
BIDIL
Isosorbide dinitrate
*holiday = must have 8 hours free of patch in day, pill needs 14 hours free
*NO w/ PDE5 inhibitor (viagra)
HAWAIIAN SYNDROME
Hydralazine
- have version w/ isosorbide (BiDil) = refractory to ACEI/ARB (blacks)
- arterial dilation
- CAREFUL CAD = drop BP
Diastolic Dysfunction Tx
- ARNI = might be able to help
- BBlocker ==Rate control = carvedilol/metoprolol (improve diastolic filling)
- CCA can (not in systolic!)
Contraindicated in Systolic failure
CCB!!
Block contractility
Milrinone
PRIMACOR
MYOCARDIUM = UP contractility PDE inhibitor (more cAMP, Up Ca2+)
ARTERIOLES = DOWN afterload
Up cAMP = MLCK phosphorylated =>Relaxation
*Acute Decompensated HF (less than2 days use)
Digoxin
AFib RATE CONTROL LESS S/S, SAME MORALITY *UP Ca2+ in (stop NaKATPase) *HyperK serum *UP CONTRACTILITY/CO (inital effect) *DOWN RAAS w/ UP CO (delayed effect) *DOWN HR (up vagal, down SA/AV node) *Toxicity = other drugs (antibio, diuretics (K) ) MONITOR TI, K, HR