Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm Test 3 > Anti-hypertensive/angina > Flashcards

Anti-hypertensive/angina Flashcards

1
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

Vasospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stable angina

A

Narrowing of arteries

Ischemia w/ exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Unstable angina

A

Rupture atherosclerotic plaque,

Is this only way?????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Variant angina

Tx

A

Dilation of smooth muscle

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unstable angina

A

Reperfusion

+ antiplatelet (aspirin) + lipid lowering (statin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to reduce ischemia?

A
  • Decrease heart O2 demand = decrease HR

* less wall tension = less O2 demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heart impeding it’s blood flow during

A

Systole

Diastolic pressure gives blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NO = Venodilate, preload will

A

Decrease

Volume down—> tension down——> less O2 demand —> less ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NO does

A
  • dilates VENULES
  • Decreases preload
  • Vasodilates large epicardial coronary arterioles ONLY not all small downstream arteries (only ischemic area gets higher flow - it is sending out K+/adenosine signals to dilate)
  • Decrease LV pressure, so MORE DIASTOLIC pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nitro chewable

A

Isosorbide dinitrate (2-3 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sublingual route

A

Avoid 1st pass, therapeutic levels in few mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tolerance

A

High, take breaks (none at night) = ORGANIC NITRATE FREE TIME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nitro

S.e.

A

Headache
Dizziness
Weakness

NOT w/in 24 hours of sildenafil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CCB

Rx

A

Veramamil
Diltiazem

DIHYDROPYRIDINES

  • Nifedipine
  • Nimodipine
  • Amlodipine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CCB

Mech

A
  • Ca influx/ release from SR
  • Ca binds to calmodulin
  • Up myosin light chain kinase
  • Myosin phosphorylation
  • up contraction ARTERIOLES/VENULES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dihydropiridines greater effect on

A

Vessels>Heart

Baroreceptor reflex kicks in, Reflex tach risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nifedipine DIHYDROPYRIDINE

A
  • Coronary vasodilation = UP alot
  • Peripheral vasodilation = UP alot
  • HR= reflex UP
  • Contractility = reflex UP
  • Recovery rate of Ca channels = no change
  • AV conduction = no change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Verapamil

A
  • Coronary vasodilation = UP
  • Peripheral vasodilation = UP
  • HR = DOWN
  • Contractility = DOWN
  • Recovery rate of Ca channels = DOWN
  • AV conduction = slows
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dihydropyridine - angina

Short-acting risk

A

*MI

Better to give long-acting

Good when bradycardic, increase HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lower Vasospasm / mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Nimodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inhibit central symp activity?

A

Diltiazem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CCB

S.E.

A
  • depression
  • cardiac arrest
  • bradycardia
  • **constipation
  • AV block
  • congestive heart failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CCB

Contraindication

A

Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Variant angina?

A

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
BBlocker uses
HTN | Angina
26
BBlocker mech
Reducing contraction/contractility = less O2 demand Reduce HR Preload increases = need combo therapy, must decrease preload
27
Bblocker improve mortality over CCB w/ angina?
No
28
BBlockers improve mortality in
Hypertension Prior MI
29
B2 only activated when
In high epi release from adrenaline, so no reg hypertension from B2
30
Nitrate w/ ED in emergency
*just give it and monitor
31
How to decrease BP?
* DOWN CO = down SV | * DOWN TPR = relaxation of vessels
32
Decrease preload (volume)?
HCTZ
33
HTCZ Mech
* Inhibits Na-Cl co-transport in DCT, pee alot | * UP vascular resistance, down afterload
34
HCTZ Contraindication/SE
*impaired renal SE: * sexual impotence * UP K loss (arrythmia, fibrillation)
35
HCTZ K+ effect?
Loss in collecting duct, exchange w/ Na+
36
K-sparring
Amiloride + HCTZ
37
Block venous tone? =(down preload)
``` ACE inhibitor (catopril) *less angiotensin 2 ``` ARBs (losartan) AT1 receptor
38
ACE inhibitor S.E.
ACE also breaks down bradykinin = build up —-> Dry cough Risk: Angioedema Contraindicated : preg, bilateral renal stenosis
39
ACE inhibitors use
* Regress LV hypertrophy * Prevent/delay HF + MI * slow renal dz = DM patients
40
ARB Contraindications
No pregger No bilateral renal artery stenosis
41
CCB - anti-HTN Mech
Down HR, contractility
42
Low renin populations w/ HTN? AA/ elderly
CCBs NOT BBlocker
43
Direct vasodilators (aterial) (HTN) Rx
* Hydralazine * Minoxidil * Sodium Nitroprusside RISK: reflex tach, renin, fluid retension = ischemia
44
Reduce TPR = a1 blocker
Prazosin S.E.= 1st dose phenomenon, Na/water retention, not good monotherapy ALSO - good in prostatic hyperplasia/bladder obstruction
45
A2 agonists (HTN) Rx
* methydopa * clonidine REDUCE BRAINSTEM ACTIVITY CONTROLLING SYMPATHETIC
46
BBlocker (HTN) Mech
* Lower HR+contractility (B1) = DOWN SV = DOWN CO = Down BP | * Lower renin secretion = DOWN Ang II
47
BBlocker (htn) Rx
Propranolol
48
Guanethidine/Reserpine Adrenergic inhibitors Mech
Down TPR
49
Guanethidine S.E.
* Postural HypoTN * Retrograde ejaculation * diarrhea
50
Reserpine S.E.
CNS * sedation * inability to concentrate * severe depression
51
Methyldopa/Clonidine S.E.
* Methyldopa = immunological abnormalities * BOTH Methyldopa/Clonidine = dizziness, reduced libido, sedation, depression POOR COMPLIANCE
52
Pregnancy w/ HTN?
Methyldopa NO ACEI, AngII receptor blockers
53
Spironolactone?
Aldosterone blocker - Tx HTN
54
Initial Rx choice Systolic HTN
Diuretic
55
Initial Rx choice heart failure
ACEI + Uncomplicated HTN = Diuretic NO CCBs
56
Initial Rx choice MI
BBlocker ACEI + Uncomplicated HTN = BBlocker
57
Initial Rx choice Angina
BBlocker CCB + Uncomplicated HTN = BBlocker
58
Initial Rx choice Tach (arrhythmia)/Fibrillation
BBlocker CCB (not DHP) + Uncomplicated HTN = BBlocker
59
Initial Rx choice Ischemic heart Dz
BBlocker CCB + Uncomplicated HTN = BBlocker
60
Initial Rx choice DM + HTN
ACEI + CCB
61
Initial Rx choice Cardiac Hypertrophy
ACEI
62
Contraindicated : Asthma
BBlocker
63
Contraindicated : Depression
BBlocker | Alpha 2 ags
64
Contraindicated: Bilateral Renal stenosis
ACEI | ARBs

Pharm Test 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions