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Anatomy > Chest Cavity > Flashcards

Chest Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What on the ribs allows for better movement?

A

Costal cartilage increases the elasticity of the structure

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2
Q

What are “true ribs” and why are they called that?

A

Ribs 1- 7

Costal cartilage articulates with sternum directly

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3
Q

What are “false ribs” and why are they called that?

A

Ribs 8, 9, 10

Costal cartilage attaches to the next superior costal cartilage

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4
Q

Where do the true ribs connect?

A

directly to sternum

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5
Q

Where do the true ribs connect?

A

directly to sternum

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6
Q

Where do the false ribs attach?

A

superior costal cartilage

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7
Q

Where do the ribs article with the vertebrae?

A

Posteriorly

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8
Q

What are costovertebral joints?

A

Head of each rib articulates with costal facets on vertebral body of the thoracic vertebrae

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9
Q

What are costotransverse joints?

A

Tubercle of each rib articulate with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

What is the location of the intercostal neuromuscular bundle?

A

The costal groove on the inferior border of the rib

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11
Q

What is the weakest point of the ribs?

A

Anteriorly to the angle where most trauma related fractures occcur

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12
Q

Why are rib fractures painful?

A

Rib fractures are painful due to the location of nerves within their costal groove

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13
Q 
What structure articulates with both the sternum and the ribs anteriorly?
A) Costal cartilage
B) Costal facet
C) Costal groove
D) Costal margin
A

A

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14
Q

What plane of movement do the ribs move in the “bucket handle” motion?

A

Coronal

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15
Q

What plane of motion does the ribs move in the “water pump” motion?

A

Sagittal

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16
Q

What happens when breathing in?

A

Increased Volume = lower pressure

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17
Q

What happens when breathing out?

A

Decreased volume = higher pressure in lungs

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18
Q

What nerve and roots innervate the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic Nerve C3, 4, 5

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19
Q

What is under the right dome?

A

Liver inferior

Level of the 5th rib at rest

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20
Q

What is under the left dome?

A

Stomach and spleen inferior

Level of the 5th intercostal space at rest

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21
Q

What is the central tendon?

A

The fibrous pericardium of the heart where is tethered inferiorly

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22
Q

Inferior Thoracic apeture attachments

A 
Xiphoid process of sternum
Costal margin
Ends of ribs 11 and 12
Arcuate ligaments across posterior wall
Lumbar vertebrae
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23
Q

What is in the caval opening and where is it located?

A

Inferior vena cava
R phrenic nerve
T8

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24
Q

What is in the Esophageal hiatus and where is it located?

A

esophagus
Vagal trunks
T10

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25
Q

What is in the Aortic hiatus and where is it located?

A 
Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Sympathetic trunks
T12
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26
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

A

Action:
Right and left domes descend inferiorly

Result:
Increase thoracic diameter and volume within the thorax

Decrease intrathoracic pressure

Inspiration

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27
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

A

Action:
Right and left domes ascend to resting position

Result:
Decrease thoracic diameter and volume within the thorax

Increase intrathoracic pressure

Expiration

28
Q

What are the accessory muscles of ventilation and their roots?

A

Help further increase volume for deep inspiration

Recruited when forceful respiration is needed

Intercostal Nerves (T2-T11)

29
Q

What muscles attach to the thoracic wall?

A

Pectoralis major and minor
Serratus anterior
Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscle group
External oblique and rectus abdominus

30
Q

What muscles act on the ribs?

A

Transversus thoracis, subcostal, levatores costarum

External, internal, innermost oblique

31
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Attaches to sternum and clavicle medially and the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Primary action is on the upper limb

32
Q

Pectoralis minor:

A

Attaches to coracoid process of scapula and ribs 3-5

33
Q

Serratus anterior:

A

Attaches to the medial margin of scapula and ribs 1-8

34
Q

Sternocleidomastoid:

A

Attaches to the clavicle and sternum

35
Q

Anterior, middle, posterior scalene:

A

attachments to the 1st and 2nd ribs

36
Q

Which muscles depress the ribs?

A

Internal intercostal muscles “oh my”

37
Q

What muscles elevate the ribs?

A

External intercostals “hands in pocket”

38
Q

Where does the posterior intercostal veins drain?

A

Azygos system

39
Q

Where does the azygos vein drain into?

A

Superior Vena Cava

40
Q

At superior levels, what may happen to intercostal veins?

A

At superior levels, posterior intercostal veins may drain directly into brachiocephalic veins due to proximity especially on the left side

41
Q

What is the order of the intercostal veins?

A

Anterior intercostal veins

into

Internal thoracic veins

into

Brachiocephalic veins

42
Q

Subclavian Artery

A 
Internal thoracic (anterior intercostal)
Costocervical trunk (1st & 2nd posterior intercostal
43
Q

Thoracic aorta

A

3rd- 11th Posterior intercostal

Subcostal (12th posterior intercostal)

44
Q

What is the order of the intercostal arterial supply

A 
Subclavian Artery
to
Internal Thoracic Artery
Travels on the deep surface of the anterior thoracic wall lateral to sternum
to
Anterior Intercostal Arteries
45
Q

What is the order of the intercostal arterial supply

A 
Subclavian Artery
to
Internal Thoracic Artery
Travels on the deep surface of the anterior thoracic wall lateral to sternum
to
Anterior Intercostal Arteries
46
Q

Where does blood travel through at the neck region?

A

Subclavian Artery

Costocervical Trunk

1st & 2nd Posterior Intercostal Arteries

47
Q

What are the somatic nerves of the thoracic wall?

A

Intercostal T1- T11

Subcostal T12

48
Q

What os Where do the nerves for the thoracic wall come from?

A

Anterior/ventral rami @ the thoracic levels continue as the intercostal nerves and follow the framework of the thoracic skeleton

49
Q

What is a parietal pleura?

A

It covers the inner walls of the thoracic cavity

50
Q

What is a visceral pleura?

A

Covers the surface of the lung

51
Q

Do lung fully fill the pleural cavity?

A

No, the space is called recess

52
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A

Fluid in the pleural recess prevents the lung from expanding normally

53
Q

Which lung has more lobes?

A

Right, it has 3 while left has 2

54
Q

What is the top of the lung called?

A

Apex

55
Q

What is the bottom of the lung called?

A

Base

56
Q

What are the three lobes of the right lung called and their fissures?

A

RUL-Upper/Superior
RML-Middle
RLL-Lower/Inferior

Oblique and horizontal fissures

56
Q

What are the lobes and fissure of the left lobe called?

A

LUL - Upper/Superior
LLL- Lower/Inferior

Oblique Fissure

57
Q

Which lung accommodates the position of the heart?

A

Left

58
Q

Which lung accommodates the position of the heart?

A

Left

59
Q

What is the pulmonary artery positions in relation to the bronchus entering the lung?

A

Right Anterior Left Superior

RALS

60
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree in Order

A

Trachea
Main bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Segmental bronchus

61
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

A

The alveoli

62
Q

How does oxygenated blood go back to the heart?

A

Through pulmonary veins

63
Q

How does deoxygenated blood come from the heart?

A

From the pumonary arteries

64
Q

Trachea

A

Held open by cartilage rings
Lined with mucosa
Posterior muscular wall
Bifurcates @ T4/T5 level

Anatomy (6 decks)

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