Abdominal Contents

Question 1

What makes up the foregut?

Answer 1

Stomach, liver, 1/2 duodenum, pancreas, and spleen

Question 2

What makes up the midgut?

Answer 2

1/2 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal colon

Question 3

What makes up the handout?

Answer 3

distal 1/2 colon

Question 4

What is the in the posterior compartment?

Answer 4

Kidneys, suprarenal glands, and neuromuscular

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the foregut?

Answer 5

Celiac trunk

Question 6

What is the blood supply to the midgut?

Answer 6

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 7

What is the blood supply to the hindgut?

Answer 7

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Question 8

What is in the superior boundary?

Answer 8

Diaphragm

Question 9

What is in the posterior boundary?

Answer 9

Lumbar vertebrae and muscles

Question 10

What is in the lateral and anterior boundaries?

Answer 10

Abdominal muscles

Question 11

What is in the inferior boundary?

Answer 11

Pelvic Inlet

Question 12

What is in the median plane?

Answer 12

Xiphoid process and pubic symphysis

Question 13

What is in the R upper quadrant?

Answer 13

Liver and duodenum

Question 14

What is in the L upper quadrant?

Answer 14

Stomach

Question 15

What is in the R lower quadrant?

Answer 15

Cecum and ascending colon

Question 16

What is in the L lower quadrant?

Answer 16

Descending and sigmoid colon

Question 17

What does the dermatome for T4 innervate?

Answer 17

Nipple region

Question 18

What does the dermatome region of T10 innervate?

Answer 18

Umbilicus

Question 19

What does the region of T12 dermatome innervate?

Answer 19

ASIS

Question 20

What are the 9 layers in order?

Answer 20

Skin
Fatty Layer
Membranous Layer
Ext Oblique
Int Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Transversalis Fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal Peritoneum

Question 21

External Oblique Innervation

Answer 21

Intercostal nerves of T7-T12

Question 22

Function of Ext Oblique

Answer 22

Ipsilateral SB and RT and trunk FLX

Question 23

What is in the lateral umbilical folds?

Answer 23

inferior gastric vessels

Question 24

What is in the medial umbilical fold?

Answer 24

remnant umbilical artery

Question 25

What is in the median umbilical fold?

Answer 25

Remnant allantois

Question 26

What is the lateral border of hesselbach's triangle?

Answer 26

Medial of lateral umbilical fold

Question 27

What is the inferior border of hesselbach's triangle?

Answer 27

Inguinal ligamnet

Question 28

What is the medial border of hesselbach's triangle?

Answer 28

Lateral rectus abdominis

Question 29

What is the purpose of the allantois?

Answer 29

Fetal urine drainage

Question 30

What are the umbilical arteries

Answer 30

2 internal iliac arteries attaching to placenta 2 medial umbilical ligaments

Question 31

What are the umbilical veins?

Answer 31

Connect liver and continue to the inferior vena cava

Question 32

What is the foramen oval?

Answer 32

Opening between R and L atrium

Question 33

What is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 33

Bridging blood vessels between aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 34

What is the lesser omentum?

Answer 34

Lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 35

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 35

Greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

Question 36

What is a intraperitoneal organ?

Answer 36

Entirely covered by visceral peritoneum

Question 37

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 37

Outside of the parietal peritoneum

Question 38

What organs are intraperitoneal?

Answer 38

Esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse and sigmoid colon

Question 39

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 39

Duodenum, pancreas, kidney, ascending and descending colon

Question 40

What is nutcracker syndrome?

Answer 40

Rare vein compression disorder When the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery compress the left renal vein

Question 41

What are the borders of the Foramen of Winslow?

Answer 41

Hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and common bile duct

Question 42

What are the three branches (in order from superior to inferior) off the aorta

Answer 42

Celiac trunk Superior Mesenteric Artery Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Question 43

What are the branches off the celiac trunk?

Answer 43

Splenic artery, L gastric artery, common hepatic artery

Question 44

What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

Answer 44

Gastroduodenal, R gastric and hepatic artery proper

Question 45

What happens when there is a malfunction of the stomach sphincter?

Answer 45

GERD

Question 46

What are the stomach functions?

Answer 46

digestoin and absorption of vitamin B12

Question 47

What happens when vegetarians don't eat properly?

Answer 47

Vitamin B12 anemia

Question 48

What are the ligaments of the liver?

Answer 48

Falciform, Coronary, Ligament teres, and ligament venosum

Question 49

What is the first part of the duodenum?

Answer 49

Superior - pyloric canal and sphincter

Question 50

What is the second part of the duodenum?

Answer 50

Descending - major and minor duodenal papilla for bile

Question 51

What is the 3rd part of the duodenum?

Answer 51

Horizontal

Question 52

What is the 4th part of the duodenum?

Answer 52

Ascending - duodenojejunal junction/flexure

Question 53

What is the landmark for the fore and midgut?

Answer 53

Ligament of treitz

Question 54

What can happen if someone is constipated?

Answer 54

The colon enlarges thus compressing the obturator nerve causing inner thigh tingling

Question 55

How long is the colon?

Answer 55

~2meters

Question 56

Which kidney is lower?

Answer 56

The R because of the liver

Question 57

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 57

Urine production, electrolyte and water balance, regulate blood pressure, and hematopoiesis

Question 58

What is the vascular supply to the kidneys?

Answer 58

Renal artery comes directly off the abdominal aorta

Question 59

What is the functions of the adrenal glands?

Answer 59

Regulate metabolism, blood pressure, immune response, stress response, and sexual hormones

Question 60

At what level does the celiac trunk come from?

Answer 60

T12

Question 61

At what level does the superior mesenteric artery come from?

Answer 61

L1

Question 62

At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery come from?

Answer 62

L3

Question 63

At what level does the renal artery come from?

Answer 63

L2

Question 64

At what level does the common illiac atery come from?

Answer 64

L4

Question 65

What is the importance of having anastomosis?

Answer 65

Ability to create bypasses around atherosclerosis

Question 66

What innervates the forgut?

Answer 66

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

Question 67

What innervates the midgut?

Answer 67

Inconclusive?

Question 68

What innverates the hindgut?

Answer 68

Lumber splanchnic nerve )L1-L2)