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FRCR Part 2B > Chest > Flashcards

Chest Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of upper zone pulmonary fibrosis?

A

CHARTS

C - Cystic fibrosis, Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis
H - Histiocytosis X,
A - Ankylosing Spondylitis
R - Radiation
T - Tuberculosis
S - Sarcoidosis/Silicosis

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2
Q

Causes of ivory vertebra

A

M.Phil

M - Metastases (osteoblastic) and myelosclerosis
P - Paget disease of bone
H - Haemangioma
I - Infection (tuberculous spondylitis)
L - Lymphoma (usually Hodgkin lymphoma)

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3
Q

Differential diagnosis for sclerotic rib lesions?

A

Most common sclerotic metastases from breast and prostate primaries

Other causes include; previous trauma, metabolic causes or melorheostosis.

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4
Q

What are the three classic clinical features of primary ciliary dyskinesia?

A

Chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and infertility (males), increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (females)

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5
Q

Differentials for solitary pulmonary nodule

A

Neoplasm
Granuloma
Hamartoma

Additional:
AVM
Round pneumonia

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6
Q

Differentials for multiple pulmonary nodules

A

Metastatic disease
TB or fungal granulomatous disease
Septic emboli

Additional
Wegeners
Rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

Differentials for cavitating pulmonary nodule/mass

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (primary or metastatic)
TB
Fungal disease (Histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis)

Additional:
Pyogenic infection (pulmonary abscess, septic emboli)
Granulomatosis with polyangitis (wegeners)
Rheumatoid arthritis

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8
Q

Differentials for miliary pulmonary nodules

A

TB
Fungal disease
Metastases (thyroid, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma)

Additional:
Pneumoconises
Healed varicella

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9
Q

Differentials for centrilobular pulmonary nodules

A

Infectious bronchiolitis (MAI, TB)
Hypersensivity pneumonitis
Endobronchial spread of tumour

Additional:
RB-ILD
Pneumoconioses

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10
Q

Differentials for cystic lung disease

A

Emphysema
LAM
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Additional:
PCP
Lymphcytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP)

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11
Q

Differentials for lower lobe interstitial lung disease

A

Usual interstitial pneumonia
Collagen vascular diseases (scleroderma, rhematoid arthritis, SLE)
Asbestos related disease

Additional:
Drug toxicity (bleomycin or amiodarone, the latter associated with dense opacities)

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12
Q

Differentials for upper lobe interstitial lung disease

A

Postprimary TB
Sarcoidosis
Cystic fibrosis

Additional:
Silicosis/coal workers pneumoconiosis
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

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13
Q

Differentials for unilateral lucent lung

A

Airway obstruction
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax

Additional:
Chest wall abnormality (mastectomy, Polands syndrome)
Swyer James Syndrome
Acute asthma attack

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14
Q

Differentials for anterior mediastinal mass

A

Lymphoma
Thymic lesions (thymoma - associated with myasthenia gravis, thymic carcinoma etc)
Thyroid lesion (goitre, thryoid carcinoma)

Additional:
Germ cell neoplasm (teratoma, seminoma)

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15
Q

Differentials for middle mediastinal mass

A

Lymphadenopathy (ie lymphoma, mets, infection)
Vascular abnormality (thoracic aorta or pulmonary artery aneurysm)
Congenital cyst (ie bronchogenic duplication cysts)

Additional:
Hiatal hernia

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16
Q

Differentials for posterior mediastinal mass

A

Neurogenic tumours (ie schwanomma, neurofibroma, malignant nerve sheath tumour)
Development cyst (ie neurenteric, enteric duplication and bronchogenic cysts)
Lymphoma

Additional:
extramedullary haematopoieses
Mediastinal haematoma

17
Q

Differentials for chronic airspace disease

A

Organising pneumonia
Lung cancer
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Additional:
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Lipoid pneumonia

18
Q

Differentials for peripheral air space disease

A

Embolic disease (pulmonary or septic emboli)
Organising pneumonia
Eosinophilic pneumonia

Additional:
Pulmonary contusion
Alveolar sarcoidosis

19
Q

Differentials for ground glass opacification

A

Pulmonary oedema
Infection (PCP, CMV, RSV)
ARDS

Additional:
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Alveolar proteinosis
Vasculitis (Wegeners/SLE)

20
Q

Differentials for mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Infection (TB, fungal disease ie histoplasmosis)
Lymphoma
Sarcoidosis

Additional:
Metastatise disease (lung, breast, head/neck, melanoma)
Pneumoconises

21
Q

Differentials for calcified pleural disease

A

Asbestos related pleural disease
Fibrothorax (from prior pyothroax, haemothorax, effussion)
Iatrogenic (pleurodesis)

22
Q

Differentials for bronchiectasis

A

Postinfectious (ie MAI, recurrant aspiration)
Cystic fibrosis
ABPA

Additional:
Obstructive lesion
Primary cilliary dyskinesia

23
Q

Differentials for perilymphatic pulmonary nodules

A

Sarcoidosis
Lymphangitic spread of tumour (bronchogenic, breast, renal, GI, Thyroid)
Pneumoconiosis (silicosis, coal workers)

Additional
Lymphproliferative disorders (lymphoma, PTLD and LIP)

24
Q

Differentials for pleural based mass

A

Pleural metastasis (lung adenocarcinoma, breast, lymphoma or invasie thymoma)
Empyema
Mesothelioma

Additional
Fibrous tumour of the pleura
Fibrothorax

25
Q

Differentials for lung parenchymal disease in HIV patients

A

PCP
TB
Fungal infection (histo, coccidiodomycosis)

Addition:
Invasive aspergillosis
Kaposi sarcoma
Pulmonary lymphoma

26
Q

Differentials for abnormal left ventricular contour

A

True left ventricular aneurysm
False left ventricular aneurysm
Pericardial cyst/mass

Additional
Calcific pericarditis

27
Q

Differentials for cardiac mass

A

Thrombus
Metastases (melanoma leukaemia lymphoma)
Benign primary cardiac neoplasm (myxoma adults, rhabdomyoma kids)

Additional:
Malignant primary cardiac neoplasm (sarcoma)

28
Q

Differentials for delayed myocardial enhancement

A

Infarction/Scar
Myocarditis
Cardiac neoplasm (mets>primary)

Additional:
Infiltrative disease (ie amyloidosis)

29
Q

Differentials for cardiac wall fat

A

Lipoma
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum
Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

30
Q

Differentials for coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis
Coronary artery aneurysm
Anomalous coronary arteries

Additional:
Coronary artery dissection

31
Q

Differentials for aortic valve disease

A

Aortic Stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic valve replacement

Additional:
Bicuspid aortic valve

32
Q

Differentials for chest wall mass

A

Metastatic disease
Fatty tumour (lipomaor liposarcoma)
Rib tumours (benign osteochondroma, malignant chondrosarcoma)

Additional:
Chest wall infection
Elastofibroma dorsi

33
Q

Differentials for enlarged cardiac silouette

A

Cardiomyopathy
Pericardial effusion
Mediastinal mass

Additional:
Valvular heart disease

34
Q

Differentials for acute aortic syndrome

A

Aortic dissection
Intramural haematoma
Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer

Additional
Intra-aortic blood pool

FRCR Part 2B (4 decks)

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