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POSITIONING > CHEST > Flashcards

CHEST Flashcards

1
Q

It is an important landmark for determining the central ray (CR) location on a posteroanterior (PA) chest projection

A

vertebra prominens

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2
Q

what are the parts of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Larynx (lar′-inks) (voice box)
  2. Trachea (tra′-ke-ah)
  3. Right and left bronchi (bron′-chi)
  4. Lungs
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3
Q

The upper margin of the larynx is at the approximate level of

A

C3

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4
Q

The upper margin of the larynx is at the approximate level of

A

C3

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5
Q

It is the rounded upper area above
the level of the clavicles.

A

apex

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6
Q

It is shown as the point of bifurcation, the lowest margin of the separation of the trachea into the right and left bronchi

A

carina

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7
Q

The ____ of each lung is the lower concave area of each lung that rests on the diaphragm (E)

A

base

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8
Q

It is a muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

diaphragm

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9
Q

refers to the extreme outermost
lower corner of each lung, where the diaphragm meets the ribs

A

Costophrenic angle

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10
Q

also known as the root region, is the central area of each lung, where the bronchi, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave the lungs

A

hilum

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11
Q

Four radiographically important structures located in the mediastinum are the

A

(1) thymus gland, (2) heart and great vessels,
(3) trachea, and (4) esophagus

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12
Q

What is the projection/position for demonstrating pleural effusions, pneumothorax, atelectasis, and signs of infection

A

PA Projection: Chest ambulatory patient

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13
Q

What is the placement of the CR in the PA projection of the chest for an ambulatory patient and for a patient who is on a stretcher?

A

CR perpendicular to IR and centered to midsagittal plane at the level of T7 (7 to 8 inches [18 to 20 cm] below vertebra prominens, or to the inferior angle of the scapula

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14
Q

A 90° perspective from PA projection may
demonstrate pathology situated posterior
to the heart, great vessels, and sternum.

A

Lateral position: chest

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15
Q

What is the placement of the CR in the lateral position of the chest for an ambulatory patient?

A

CR perpendicular, directed to midthorax at level of T7 (3 to 4 inches [7.5 to 10 cm] below level of jugular notch)

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16
Q

What is the placement of the IR in the lateral position of the chest for an ambulatory patient and a patient on a wheelchair??

A

Top of IR about 1 inch (2.5 cm) above vertebra prominens

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17
Q
  • This projection demonstrates pathology involving the lungs, diaphragm, and mediastinum.
  • Determining air-fluid levels (pleural effusion) requires a completely erect position with a horizontal CR, as in a PA or decubitus chest projection
A

AP PROJECTION: CHEST
SUPINE OR SEMI-ERECT

18
Q

What is the placement of the IR on AP projection of chest if the patient is in supine/semi-erect?

A

IR under or behind patient; align center of IR to CR (top of IR about 11/2 inches [4 to 5 cm] above shoulders)

19
Q

What is the placement of the CR on AP projection of chest if the patient is in supine/semi-erect?

A

CR angled caudad to be perpendicular to long axis of sternum (generally requires ± 5° caudad angle, to prevent clavicles from obscuring the apices)
* CR to level of T7, 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below jugular notch

20
Q

In this projection/position, small pleural effusions are demonstrated by air-fluid levels in pleural space

A

LATERAL DECUBITUS POSITION (AP PROJECTION): CHEST

21
Q

What is the placement of the CR in lateral decub (AP projection) of chest?

A

CR horizontal, directed to center of IR, to level of T7, 3 to 4
inches (8 to 10 cm) inferior to level of jugular notch.

22
Q

This Rule out calcifications and masses beneath the clavicles

A

AP LORDOTIC PROJECTION: CHEST

23
Q

What is the placement of the CR in AP Lordotic?

A

CR perpendicular to IR, centered to midsternum

24
Q

What is the placement of the CR in AP Lordotic?

A

CR perpendicular to IR, centered to midsternum

25
Q

If the patient is weak and unstable or is unable to assume the erect lordotic position, an AP semi axial projection may be taken with the patient in a supine position. What is the degree of angle of the CR?

A

15° to 20° cephalad, to the midsternum.

26
Q
  • This Investigates pathology involving the lung
    fields, trachea, and mediastinal structures.
  • Determine the size and contours of the
    heart and great vessels.
A

ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RAO AND LAO: CHEST

27
Q

What is the patient rotation in AO-RAO/LAO: Chest?

A

Patient erect, rotated 45° with left anterior shoulder against IR
for LAO and 45° with right anterior shoulder against IR for RAO

28
Q

What is the placement of the CR in AO-RAO/LAO: Chest?

A

CR perpendicular, directed to level of T7

29
Q

For anterior obliques, the side of interest generally is the side ________ from the IR.

A

farthest

30
Q

Answer the ff. In RAO and LAO positions of chest, what is visualized?

A

RAO - left lung
LAO - Right lung

31
Q

In AO position of chest (RAO&LAO), ________ may be valuable for better visualization of
the various areas of the lungs for possible pulmonary disease

A

less rotation (15-20 degrees)

32
Q

This Investigate pathology involving the lung
fields, trachea, and mediastinal
structures.
* Determine the size and contours of the
heart and great vessels.

A

POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RPO AND LPO: CHEST

33
Q

This Investigate pathology involving the lung
fields, trachea, and mediastinal
structures.
* Determine the size and contours of the
heart and great vessels.

A

POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RPO AND LPO: CHEST

34
Q

What is the patient position in POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RPO AND LPO: CHEST?

A

Patient erect, rotated 45° with right posterior shoulder against IR for RPO and 45° with left posterior shoulder against IR for LPO

35
Q

What is the placement of the CR in PO-RPO/LPO; chest?

A

CR perpendicular, to level of T7

36
Q

Posterior obliques provide the best visualization of the side _______ to the IR.

A

closest

37
Q

Investigate the pathology of the air-filled
larynx and trachea, including the region of
thyroid and thymus glands and upper
esophagus for opaque foreign objects or if
contrast medium is present.
* Rule out epiglottitis, which may be life-threatening for a young child

A

LATERAL POSITION: UPPER AIRWAY

38
Q

What is the placement of the CR in lateral position of the airway?

A

CR perpendicular to center of IR at level of C6 or C7, midway
between the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage and
the jugular notch

39
Q

Investigate pathology of the air-filled larynx and trachea, including the region of the thyroid and thymus glands and upper esophagus for opaque foreign object or if contrast medium is present.

A

AP PROJECTION: UPPER AIRWAY

40
Q

What is the placement of the CR in the AP projection of the upper airway?

A
  • CR perpendicular to the center of IR at the level of T1-2, about 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the jugular notch

POSITIONING (5 decks)

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