BONY THORAX Flashcards
The sternal angle is at the level of the disk space between ___________ for an average adult
T4-T5
The xiphoid process corresponds to the level of
T9-T10
The inferior rib (costal) angle (inferior costal margin) corresponds to the level of
L2-L3
This position checks for Pathology of the sternum, including fractures and inflammatory processes
RAO sternum
What is the angle in RAO for sternum
15-20 degrees
In RAO, top of IR should be about?
11/2 inches (4 cm) above the jugular notch
CR in RAO of sternum is in what position?
perpendicular to IR directed to center of sternu
This position for the sternum checks
- Pathology of the sternum, including fractures and inflammatory processes
- Depressed sternal fractures
Lateral position: R/L
CR in Lateral position in the sternum is in what position?
perpendicular to IR
This position/projection for the sternum checks for Joint subluxation or other pathology of the
sternoclavicular joints
PA PROJECTION: STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINTS
Where is the CR in the PA PROJECTION: STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINTS
CR perpendicular, centered to level of T2-T3, or 3 inches (7 cm) distal to vertebra prominens (spinous process of C7)
This are IMAGES OF THE RIGHT AND LEFT JOINTS OBTAINEd for the sternoclavicular joints
ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RAO AND LAO:
What is the degree in anterior oblique positions - RAO/LAO
10-15
The CR in Anterior oblique position-RAO/LAO for the sternoclavicular joints is in what position?
CR perpendicular to level of T2 to T3, or 3 inches (7.5 cm)
distal to vertebra prominens, and 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm)
lateral (toward upside) to midsagittal plane
This position/projection checks for Pathology of the ribs, including fracture and neoplastic processes
AP PROJECTION: POSTERIOR RIBS
For the CR above the diaphragm in the ap projection of the posterior ribs, what is its placement?
CR perpendicular to IR, centered to 3 or 4 inches (8 to 10 cm)
below jugular notch (level of T7)
For the CR below the diaphragm in the ap projection of the posterior ribs, what is its placement?
CR perpendicular, centered to level of xiphoid process
* IR centered to CR (lower margin of IR at iliac crest)
This checks for the Pathology of the ribs including fracture or neoplastic processes.
Injuries to ribs below the diaphragm are
generally to posterior ribs; therefore, AP projections are indicated
PA PROJECTION: ANTERIOR RIBS (ABOVE DIAPHRAGM)
What is the placement of the CR in PA projection: anterior ribs
CR perpendicular to IR, centered to T7 (7 to 8 inches [18 to
20 cm] below vertebra prominens as for PA chest)
This projection is taken to demonstrate
specific trauma to one side of the thoracic cavity
UNILATERAL RIB STUDY: AP-PA POSITION
What is the placement of the CR when the unilateral rib study is above the diaphragm?
CR perpendicular to IR, centered midway between midsagittal
plane and outer margin of thorax
What is the placement of the CR when the unilateral rib study is below the diaphragm?
Align left or right side of thorax to CR and to midline of grid or
table/upright Bucky
This checks for Pathology of the ribs, including fracture and neoplastic processes. Oblique positions will demonstrate the axillary portion of the ribs that is not well seen on the AP-PA projections.
POSTERIOR OR ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS: AXILLARY RIBS
For the patient position in P/A O: Axillary ribs, what is the degree of the patient position?
Rotate patient into 45° posterior or anterior oblique, with affected side closest to IR on posterior oblique and affected side away from IR on anterior oblique
