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Clinical Chemistry > Chemistry2 > Flashcards

Chemistry2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are arterial blood gas specimen parameters affected when the specimen is not maintained under strict anaerobic conditions?
A) pH decreases, pCO2 decreases, pOz increases
B)
pH increases, pCOz decreases, pOz increases
C) pH increases, pCO2 increases, pOz decreases
D) pH decreases, pCO2 increases, pOz decreases

A

B)
pH increases, pCOz decreases, pOz increases

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2
Q

Given the following, what is the total carbon dioxide content in mEq/L?
pH
НСОз
рОг
pCO2
BE
7.20
20 mEq/L
60 mmHg
100 mmHg
+4
A) 24
B) 23
C) 20
D) 40

A

B) 23

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3
Q

Given the following data, what partial pressures of gases should be used to calibrate the blood gas analyzer?
Barometric Pressure
Carbon dioxide tank
Oxygen tank
767 mm Hg
10% COz
20% 02
A) CO2 = 81.4 mm Hg; 02 = 162.8 mm Hg
B) CO2 = 76.7 mm Hg; 02 = 153.4 mm Hg
C) CO2 = 119 mm Hg; 02 = 191.0 mm Hg
D) CO2 = 72.0 mm Hs; 02 = 144.0 mm Hs

A

D) CO2 = 72.0 mm Hs; 02 = 144.0 mm Hs

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4
Q

What is the solubility coefficient of carbon dioxide in plasma?
A) 3.0
В) 0.03
C) 30.0
D) 0.3

A

В) 0.03

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5
Q

Which of the following represents the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
A) pH = 6.1 - log H2 CO/HCO*
B) pH = pKa + log HCOz/H2CO
C)
pH = pKa - log HCO3./H2CO3
D) pH = 6.1 + log H2 CO3-/CO3*

A

B) pH = pKa + log HCOz/H2CO

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6
Q

Which of the following results in a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, resulting in a decreased affinity of hemoglobin oxygen?
A) Low concentration of 2,3-DPG
B) Low pCO2 level
C) Low blood pH level
D) Low temperature

A

C) Low blood pH level

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7
Q

Which of the following findings is consistent with a diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis?
A) Low pCO2, decreased CO3
B) High pCO2; decreased HCO3
C) High pCO2, increased HCO
D) Low pCO2, increased HCO3

A

B) High pCO2; decreased HCO3

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8
Q

Which of the following is consistent with metabolic acidosis?
A) Increase in pCO2 with a decreased pH
B) Decrease in HCO with a decreased pH
C) Decrease in HCO with an increased pH
D) Increase in HO with an increased pH

A

B) Decrease in HCO with a decreased pH

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9
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
A) Hyperventilation
B) Asthma
C) Starvation
D) Vomiting

A

D) Vomiting

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10
Q

The following laboratory results are consistent with what acid-base disorder?
Sodium 136 mmol/L
Potassium 4.4 mmol/L
Chloride 95 mmolL
Carbon dioxide 40 mmol/L
A) Respiratory alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis

A

D) Respiratory acidosis

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11
Q

The first CSF collection tube is most suited for testing in what laboratory section?
A) Cytology
B) Hematology
C) Microbiology
D) Chemistry

A

D) Chemistry

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12
Q

What is the clinical significance of xanthochromia in cerebrospinal fluid?
A) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B) Traumatic tap
C) Glycorrhachia
D) Kernicterus

A

A) Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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13
Q

In CSt, which of the following indicates a traumatic tap?
A) A xanthochromic supernatant following CSF centrifugation
B) The presence of erythrophages in the CSF WBC differential
C) An uneven distribution of blood in the CS collection tubes
D) The observation of hemosiderin granules on the differential

A

C) An uneven distribution of blood in the CS collection tubes

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14
Q

What are the predominate cells identified in the CS when a patient has bacterial meningitis?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Monocytes
C) Macrophages
D) Neutrophils

A

D) Neutrophils

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of an IgG index greater than 0.85?
A) Increased IgG production in bone marrow
B) Transport of IgG across blood brain barrier
C) Active demyelination of neural proteins
D) Increased membrane permeability of IgG

A

C) Active demyelination of neural proteins

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16
Q

A patient with a debilitating migraine has the following laboratory findings. What is the most probable explanation for these results?
Clarity Clear
Color Colorless
Glucose, CSF 45 mg/đL
Total Protein, CSF 90 mg/dI
Glucose, Serum 100 mg/dI

A) Multiple sclerosis
B) Viral meningoencephalitis
C) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D) Bacterial meningitis

A

D) Bacterial meningitis

17
Q

A patient with a normal CSF lactate level (< 25 mg/dL) correlates with what type of meningitis?
A) Viral
B) Tubercular
C) Fungal
D) Bacterial

A

A) Viral

18
Q

Why would a high-risk OB/GYN provider recommend that a 35-year old pregnant female have an amniocentesis performed at 18 weeks of gestation?
A) To confirm a neural tube defect
B) To determine fetal lung maturity
C) To assess hemolytic disease of the fetus
D) To screen for Down’s syndrome

A

A) To confirm a neural tube defect

19
Q

Which of the following lamellar body counts indicates mature fetal lungs?
A) 30,000/ML
B) 45,000/uL
C) 15,000/ML
D) 60,000/uL

A

D) 60,000/uL

20
Q

Which of the following tests should be performed to determine if a patient with otorrhea has CS leakage from the ear?
A) CSF total protein
B) CSF lactate
C) CSF glucose
D) Beta-2 transferrin

A

D) Beta-2 transferrin

21
Q

Which of the following is a routinely performed test to evaluate fetal lung maturity?
A) L/S ratio
B) Lamellar body counts
C) AmnioStat FLM
D) PG latex agglutination

A

B) Lamellar body counts

22
Q

Which of the following females is at risk of developing hemolytic disease of the newborn in a subsequent pregnancy?
A) Group O positive mother delivers group A positive baby
B) Group A positive mother delivers group A negative baby
C) Group AB negative mother delivers group B positive baby
D) Group B negative mother delivers group B negative baby

A

C) Group AB negative mother delivers group B positive baby

23
Q

A greenish-yellow amniotic fluid was analyzed by spectrophotometry. A peak was detected at AA410. What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
A) Biliverdin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Bilirubin
D) Fetal urine

A

A) Biliverdin

24
Q

Which of the following conditions enhances the formation of serous fluid in a body cavity?
A) Increased capillary permeability
B) Increased lymphatic absorption
C) Increased plasma oncotic pressure
D) Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

B) Increased lymphatic absorption

25
Q

What term describes the pathologic accumulation of fluid in a body cavity?
A) Effusion
B) Ascites
C) Pleocytosis
D) Edema

A

A) Effusion

26
Q

A thoracentesis is the procedure performed to remove fluid from what body cavity?
A) Peritoneal
B) Pericardial
C) Abdominal
D) Pleural

A

D) Pleural

27
Q

Which of the following specimens is an example of an exudate based on laboratory results?

Total Protein
Lactate Dehydrogenase
Specimen A
2.0 g/ dL
200 U/L
Specimen B
2.5 g/dI
225 U/L
Specimen C
3.0 g/dI
150 U/L
Specimen D
3.5 g/dI
350 U/L
A) Specimen C
B) Specimen B
C) Specimen D
D) Specimen A

A

C) Specimen

28
Q

Which of the following is most often associated with the formation of a transudate?
A) Metastatic neoplasm
B) Surgical procedure
C) Pancreatic cancer
D) Congestive heart failure

A

A) Metastatic neoplasm

29
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of normal synovial fluid?
A) It contains uric acid crystals.
B) It is a viscous body fluid.
C) It is dark yellow in color.
D) It clots upon refrigeration.

A

B) It is a viscous body fluid.

30
Q

Which of the following may cause abnormally decreased viscosity in synovial fluid?
A) Depolymeriation of hyaluronic acid by enzyme digestion
B) Overproduction of synovial fluid by the synoviocytes
C) Mucin degradation by lysosomes within the leukocytes
D) Autoimmune response of synoviocytes in joint disease

A

A) Depolymeriation of hyaluronic acid by enzyme digestion

Clinical Chemistry (7 decks)

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