Chemistry Unit Vocab Flashcards
Element
A pure substance made of only one type of atom.
Ex: Silver, Gold, Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Compound
A pure substance made of two or more atoms that are joined together.
Ex: Water (H20), Table salt (NaC1), Carbon Dioxide (Co2)
Mixture
When two or more substances blend together. Each substance will keep its properties but they may be hidden in the mixture.
Ex: Air, Dirt, Milk, Juice or Bread
Pure Substance
A substance that cannot be broken down or separated into any other type of substance.
Ex: Water, Hydrogen, Carbon, Gold, Oxygen, Sugar
Homogeneous Mixture
When two or more substances that are mixed together look like one substance.
Ex: Salt dissolved in water, Oxygen dissolved in the air
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture that contains two or more separate materials.
- There may be layers or “phases”
Ex: Oil and water, Juice
Mechanical Mixture
A mixture in which the different substances that make up the mixture are clearly visible.
- May be layers or “phases”
Ex: Vinegar, Rocks
Suspension
A cloudy mixture in which particles of one substance float within another.
- Can be easily separated thought setting or with filter paper.
Ex: Orange Juice, Salad dressing
Colloid
A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another.
- Cannot be easily separated
Ex: Milk, Ketchup
Physical Change
A change in matter that doesn’t create a new substance.
Ex: Water freezes but it’s still water
Chemical Change
When two or more materials react and a new material is formed.
Ex: Vinegar and baking soda
Physical Properties
Property that describes the physical characteristics of a substance.
Ex: Colour, Ductility, Solubility, Malleability, boiling point, etc.
Chemical Properties
Property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance.
Ex: Reaction with acids or bases, reaction with water, etc.
Electron
A negatively charged particle.
- Have almost zero mass
- Orbit the nucleus
Neutron
A particle with no charge
- Has a mass of 1
Proton
A particle with a positive charge
- Has a mass of 1
Nucleus
Part of the atom that contains the protons, neutrons.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element
Atomic Mass
The sum of the average number of
protons and neutrons in an atom
Ion Charge
The tendency for an atom to gain or
lose electrons.
Periodic Table
A table that has chemical elements organized by atomic number
Ionic Compound
Formed by combining a positive metal ion with a negative nonmetal ion.
- Electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.
This creates a positive and negative ion which attract each other (opposites
attract)
Molecular Compound
Formed by combining two or more nonmetal atoms.
Reactants
The starting materials that will undergo a chemical reaction.
