chemistry unit test; chapter 5 + 6 Flashcards
a precipitate is:
an insoluble solid formed in a chemical reaction.
the six clues that suggest a chemical change are:
formation of a gas, formation of a precipitate, a change in colour, a change in odour, and/or the production of light and heat.
a synthesis reaction is:
a chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to produce a new product.
the general chemical equation for a synthesis reaction is:
A + B → AB
a single displacement reaction is:
a chemical reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound.
the general chemical equation for a single displacement reaction is:
A + BC → AC + B
a decomposition reaction is:
a chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down (decomposes) into two or more simpler compounds or elements.
the general chemical equation for a decomposition reaction is:
AB → A + B
the activity series is:
a list of elements organized according to their chemical reactivity; the most reactive element appears at the top and the least reactive element appears at the bottom.
a double displacement reaction is:
a chemical reaction in which the positive ions of two different compounds exchange places, resulting in the formation of two new compounds, one of which may be a precipitate.
the general chemical equation for a double displacement reaction is:
AB + CD → AD + BC
the word acid comes from the word —- and means:
the Latin word acidus and means sour.
an acid is:
a compound that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water.
a binary acid is:
an acid composed of hydrogen and a non-metal.
to name a binary acid:
write the root of the metal name, add the prefix hydro- to the root name and then at the ending -ic acid to the root name. (example; HF → hydrofluoric acid)
an oxoacid is:
an acid composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and another element.
to name an oxoacid:
replace the anion ending; (-ate → -ic, -ite → -ous) and add the word acid.
the three properties of acids are:
acids have a sour taste // acids can conduct electrical current // acids react with active metals to yield hydrogen atoms.
three popular uses of acids are:
making fertilizers, making explosives, processing metals, etching glass, in car batteries.
phosphoric acid is:
H₃PO₄
sulfuric acid is:
H₂SO₄
nitric acid:
HNO₃
a base is:
a compound that forms hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in water.
the rules of naming a base:
are the same as the rules for naming ionic compounds (but remember that OH comes after the metal).
the two properties of bases:
a bitter taste and slippery feel.
neutralization is:
the reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.
a salt is also known as:
an ionic compound.
the lining of our stomachs produce:
hydrochloric acid.
antacids work by:
having a base as one of the ingredients that neutralize the acid.
