chemistry unit test; chapter 4 Flashcards
an ion is:
a charged particle formed from the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
an ionic compound is:
a compound composed of oppositely charged ions.
a cation is:
a positively charged ion.
an anion is:
a negatively charged ion.
a valence electron is:
an electron in the outermost occupied energy level.
a binary ionic compound is:
a compound composed of a metal cation and a non-metal anion.
a ternary compound is:
a compound composed of three different elements.
a polyatomic ion is:
an ion composed of more than one atom.
an atom becomes positively charged when it-
-loses one or more of its electrons.
an atom becomes negatively charged when it-
-gains one or more of its electrons.
a stable octet is when:
ions form a full outer energy level and become more stable.
the suffix used when naming binary ionic compounds is:
-ide
multi-valent metals are:
metals with more than one charge.
you can tell a metal is a multi-valent metal when-
-it has a roman numeral beside it in brackets.
the two suffixes for polyatomic ions are:
-ite or -ate.
the three polyatomic ions that don’t end with -ite or -ate are:
ammonium, hydroxide, and peroxide.
the chemical formula for hydroxide is:
OH−
the chemical formula for ammonium is:
NH₄⁺
the chemical formula for nitrate is:
NO⁻ ₃
the chemical formula for phosphate is:
PO₄³⁻
the chemical formula for sulfate is:
SO₄²-
the chemical formula for sulfite is:
SO²⁻ ₃
a molecular compound is:
a compound formed when atoms of two or more different elements share electrons.
a molecule is:
a neutral particle composed of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
molecular compounds are also known as-
-covalent compounds.
a binary molecular compound is:
a compound that is composed of two non-metals joined by one or more covalent bonds.
the prefix for one is:
mono-
the prefix for two is:
di-
the prefix for three is:
tri-
the prefix for four is:
tetra-
the prefix for five is:
penta-
the prefix for six is:
hexa-
the prefix for seven is:
hepta-
the prefix for eight is:
octa-
the prefix in the name of a molecular compound tells you:
the ratio of atoms for each element.
carbon tetrahydride is also known as:
methane.
nitrogen trihydride is also known as:
ammonia.
a reactant is:
a pure substance that undergoes a chemical change.
a product is:
a pure substance that is formed in a chemical change; the properties of the product are different from the properties of the reactants.
a chemical reaction is:
a process in which new substances with new properties are formed.
the two rules that make up the Law of Conservation of Mass are:
- in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products is always the same as the total mass of the reactant.
- matter cannot be gained or lost during a chemical reaction.
a chemical equation is:
a representation of what happens to the reactants and products during a chemical reaction.
the three types of chemical equations are:
word equations, skeleton equations, and balanced equations.
in a word equation:
the name of each reactant is written to the left of the arrow and the name of each product to the right of the arrow (ie, hydrogen + oxygen —> water).
in a skeleton equation:
the name of the element in the word equation is replaced with chemical formulas (ie, H₂ + O₂ —> H₂O)
in a balanced equation:
the elements are written with chemical formulas and have the same number of atoms of each element on each side (2H₂ + O₂ —> 2H₂O)
a coefficient is:
a number that is placed in front of a chemical formula in a balanced equation.
the four abbreviations used to identify the states of substances are:
(s), (g), (aq), and (ℓ).
(s) stands for:
solid.
(g) stands for:
gas.
(aq) stands for:
aqueous liquid.
(ℓ) stands for:
liquid.
