biochem

Question 1

organic compounds are all

Answer 1

carbon based

Question 2

inorganic compounds:

Answer 2

are non living matter that lack carbon

Question 3

hydrocarbons are made up of:

Answer 3

hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

the polarity of hydrocarbons is:

Answer 4

non-poplar, meaning they do not dissolve in water.

Question 5

the boiling point of hydrocarbons is:

Answer 5

low.

Question 6

hydrocarbons are good fuels;

Answer 6

this makes them very flammable.

Question 7

a functional group is:

Answer 7

a cluster of atoms that always behaves in a certain way.

Question 8

certain functional groups are associated with:

Answer 8

certain chemical properties.

Question 9

what are the seven functional groups?

Answer 9

hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, carbonyl, ketone

Question 10

where is hydroxyl found in?

Answer 10

alcohol

Question 11

give an example of an alcohol.

Answer 11

ethanol

Question 12

carboxyl is found in:

Answer 12

acids

Question 13

an example of an acid is:

Answer 13

vinegar

Question 14

amino is found in:

Answer 14

bases

Question 15

an example of a base is:

Answer 15

ammonia

Question 16

sulfhydryl is found in:

Answer 16

rubber and proteins

Question 17

phosphate is found in:

Answer 17

ATP and nucleic acids

Question 18

carbonyls have two groups. they are:

Answer 18

aldehydes and ketone.

Question 19

aldehydes are found in:

Answer 19

formaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon bark)

Question 20

ketone is found in:

Answer 20

proteins and lipids.

Question 21

biological molecules are made up of:

Answer 21

a hydrogen chain and a functional group

Question 22

functional groups are more what than hydrocarbon?

Answer 22

reactive

Question 23

amino acids contain:

Answer 23

an amino and carboxyl group, used to build proteins

Question 24

carboxyl group makes a molecule:

Answer 24

acidic

Question 25

amino group makes a molecule

Answer 25

basic

Question 26

an acid is:

Answer 26

a molecule that donates a proton

Question 27

a base is:

Answer 27

a molecule that receives a proton

Question 28

pH of base/acid:

Answer 28

acid: -7 // base: +7

Question 29

a covalent bond happens between:

Answer 29

two non metals

Question 30

an ionic bond happens between:

Answer 30

a metal/semi-metal and a non metal

Question 31

oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon are all:

Answer 31

non metals

Question 32

to figure out if a molecule is capable of forming hydrogen bonds:

Answer 32

make sure it is polar. if it contains OH or NH, it is capable of forming hydrogen bonds.

Question 33

what are the four classes of biologically important molecules?

Answer 33

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 34

example of carbohydrate:

Answer 34

starch

Question 35

example of lipids:

Answer 35

triglycerides

Question 36

example of proteins:

Answer 36

enzymes

Question 37

example of nucleic acids:

Answer 37

DNA

Question 38

define macromolecule:

Answer 38

large molecules made up of repeating sub-units that are covalently linked.

Question 39

covalent bonds happen between:

Answer 39

two non metals

Question 40

ionic bonds happen between:

Answer 40

a metal/semi metal and a non metal

Question 41

what are polymers made out of?

Answer 41

repeating smaller molecules called monomers

Question 42

main purpose of carbohydrates:

Answer 42

to store energy

Question 43

carbohydrates are macromolecules made up of:

Answer 43

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 44

what's the ratio for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

Answer 44

1:2:1

Question 45

(CH2O)n; what is n?

Answer 45

the number of carbon atoms

Question 46

the four groups carbohydrates are classified in are:

Answer 46

monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 47

monosaccharide:

Answer 47

simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms

Question 48

simple sugars have:

Answer 48

a single chain of carbon atoms to which hydroxyl groups are attached.

Question 49

disaccharide:

Answer 49

two monosaccharides

Question 50

oligosaccharide:

Answer 50

3-10 monosaccharides

Question 51

polysaccharide:

Answer 51

10+ monosaccharides

Question 52

isomers are:

Answer 52

molecules with the same number and type of atoms in different structural arrangements.

Question 53

two things glucose, fructose, and galactose have in common:

Answer 53

- monomers - isomers

Question 54

is fructose or glucose sweeter?

Answer 54

fructose

Question 55

define glycosidic linkage:

Answer 55

the covalent bonds formed between the hydroxyl groups on the monosaccharides in a dissacharide.

Question 56

glycosidic linkages are a result of:

Answer 56

condensation/dehydration reactions

Question 57

lipids are made out of:

Answer 57

hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms

Question 58

lipids are:

Answer 58

hydrophobic; insoluble in water but soluble in non polar substances.

Question 59

two things lipids do:

Answer 59

store energy and build membranes/cell parts

Question 60

do lipids or carbohydrates store more energy?

Answer 60

lipids provide more than double the energy per gram that carbs do

Question 61

lipids provide long term energy; what does that mean in relation to carbs?

Answer 61

they're processed by the body after carbohydrate stores have been used up.

Question 62

other two things lipids do:

Answer 62

insulate against heat loss and form protective cushions around major organs

Question 63

they help make fur, feathers, and leaves:

Answer 63

water repelling (hydrophobic?)

Question 64

three major groups of lipids:

Answer 64

- oils, fats, waxes - phospholipids - steroids

Question 65

triglycerides are composed of:

Answer 65

one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids linked by ester bonds

Question 66

an ester bond is:

Answer 66

a double bond between an oxygen atom and another atom.

Question 67

a fatty acid is a:

Answer 67

hydrocarbon chain that ends with an acidic carboxyl group, COOH

Question 68

a saturated fatty acid:

Answer 68

has no double bonds between carbon atoms (only single bonds)

Question 69

an unsaturated fatty acid:

Answer 69

has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 70

how are the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids formed?

Answer 70

by removing hydrogen atoms.

Question 71

monosaturated means:

Answer 71

the unsaturated fatty acid has only one double bond

Question 72

polyunsaturated means:

Answer 72

the unsaturated fatty acid has more than one double bond between carbon atoms.

Question 73

unsaturated double bonds between carbon atoms create a:

Answer 73

kink in the chain

Question 74

unsaturated fatty acids do not fit closely together. this makes them:

Answer 74

liquid at room temperature

Question 75

saturated fatty acids are:

Answer 75

solid at room temperate

Question 76

hydrogenation means:

Answer 76

chemically adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids to make saturated fats (margarine)

Question 77

three examples of polysaccharides:

Answer 77

starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 78

starch is used for:

Answer 78

storage in plants

Question 79

extra glucose turns into:

Answer 79

glycogen in animals

Question 80

starch and glycogen's structure differs in the number and type of:

Answer 80

branching side chains

Question 81

why is glycogen broken down more easily than starch?

Answer 81

because it ha more branches attached to it (more surface area)

Question 82

cellulose function:

Answer 82

provide structural support in plant cell walls

Question 83

alpha vs beta glucose:

Answer 83

hydroxyl (1) UP in ALPHA, hydroxyl (1) DOWN in BETA

Question 84

alpha and beta glucose in human digestion:

Answer 84

can digest alpha glucose, can't digest beta glucose

Question 85

lipids are com