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IGCSE revison > chemistry unit 3,4 > Flashcards

chemistry unit 3,4 Flashcards

1
Q

reactant definition

A

starting material in the chemical reaction

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2
Q

percentage yield formula

A

percentage yield = actual amount / theoretical amount x 100

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3
Q

amount of nitrogen in the air %

A

78.1

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4
Q

amount of oxygen in the air %

A

21

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5
Q

amount of argon in the air

A

0.9

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6
Q

amount of carbon dioxide in the air

A

0.04

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7
Q

noble gas features

A

they have full outer shell
colorless, odorless

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8
Q

sources of co2

A

respiration, decomposition, volcanic activity

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9
Q

consequences of global warming

A
  • polar ice caps could melt
  • sea levels could rise
  • there could be more extreme weather ( floods, droughts, heat waves)
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10
Q

corrosion definition

A

gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions with substances in the environment
over time, corrosion changes the appearance and properties of a material as it breaks down and become weaker

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11
Q

metal that rusts

A

iron

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12
Q

what’s redox reaction

A

oxidation is loss of electrons
reduction os gain of electrons

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13
Q

alkaline metals properties

A

very soft
shiny
low melting and boiling point
low density
stored in oil to prevent it from reacting

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14
Q

what does alkaline metals form when it reacts with water

A

alkaline compounds

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15
Q

lithium flame test colour

A

red

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16
Q

sodium flame test colour

A

yellow

17
Q

potassium flame test colour

A

lilac

18
Q

how does flame test work for alkali metals

A

when a alkali metal is heated, the electrons in its atom gain energy and more to vacant outer shells. as the electrons lose energy and move back to lower shells, they smit visible lights
the movement of electrons are different for each element, so it gives off a unique flame colour

19
Q

halogens properties

A
  • 7 electrons in outer shells
  • can easily obtain outer shell by gaining 1 electron
  • can gain an electron in reaction to form negative ions
  • can form single covalent bond with another atom
    -exists as diatomic molecules
20
Q

acid rain PH range

A

lower than 5.5

21
Q

empirical formula

A

percentage / atomic mass

22
Q

reactivity order

A

potassium
sodium
lithium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
lead
hydrogen
copper
silver
gold
platinum

23
Q

concentration formula

A

concentration = mol / vol

24
Q

solubility rules

A
  • nitrates ade all soluble
  • chlorides are all soluble except silver / lead
  • all group 1 are soluble
  • all carbonates are insoluble except group 1
  • all hydroxides are insoluble unless other rule exists
  • all sulfates are soluble except lead, barium, calcium, silver
25
Q

metal + acid ->

A

salt + hydrogen

26
Q

metal oxide + acid ->

A

salt + water

27
Q

metal hydroxide + acid ->

A

salt + water

28
Q

metal carbonate + acid ->

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water

IGCSE revison (13 decks)

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