Chemistry Unit 3 Flashcards
How is a Metallic Bond formed?
The outer electrons are delocalised and the positive metal ions are attracted to negative delocalised ions which acts as a glue
What’s Metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons
Why are delocalised electrons the reason for metals being conductors of electricity?
For a substance to conduct electricity it must allow these electrons to flow through it and metals do this very well
What does metal + water make?
Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
What does metal + Acid make?
Salt + Hydrogen
What does metal + Oxygen make?
Metal Oxide
Why does some metals not take part in reactions?
Depending on the reactivity of the metals ie gold because it’s very unreactive
What’s displacement reactions?
A type of Redox reaction
Define a displacement reaction?
When a metal higher in the electrochemical series is put in a solution of a metal lower on the ecs it kicks it out
Will a metal react with an acid?
A metal will react with acid if it’s higher than hydrogen in the ECS
What’s the electron flow in a redox reaction?
Electrons flows from the metal higher in the ECS to the metal lower in the ECS through the wire
Whats an ion bridge?
A bridge used to complete the circuit
What’s a half cell?
Is a metal electrode in a solution of its own ions which is done to avoid any side reactions
What’s the two types of polymerisation?
Addition and condensation reactions
What’s the main nutrients of a fertiliser?
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
What’s used in a haber process?
Iron Catalysts
How is radioactivity created?
Caused by a unstable nucleus
What’s background radiation?
Radiation that we are exposed to daily
Why are atoms unstable?
They have an unstable proton/neutron ratio
What’s your 3 types of radiation?
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
How would you stop alpha radiation?
Few cm of air/paper
How would you stop beta radiation?
Thin sheet of aluminium
How would you stop gamma radiation?
Thick layer of concrete/lead
What happens when alpha decay takes place?
It lowers the mass number by 4 and lowers the atomic number by 2
What happens when beta decay happens?
Increases the atomic number by one, mass number is unchanged
What’s half life?
The time taken for the mass to decrease by half
What does ammonia+water make?
Ammonia solution
What does nitric acid+Ammonium hydroxide make?
Ammonium nitrate+Water
Tell me about ammonia?
Full structure=trigonal pyramidal shape
Formula=NH3
Properties=strong smell, gas at room temp
Solubility= very soluble
What’s alpha radiation made from?
2 protons
2 neutrons
What’s beta radiation made from?
Electron
What’s gamma radiation made from?
energy (EM wave)
What’s a property of chalk and most non metals?
That they are brittle
What’s a property of metal?
They are malleable
Held together by an attraction between the sea of delocalised electrons and the positive ions created when the atoms give up their outer electrons to this sea
How do you react a metal with oxygen?
Burn it in a Bunsen or near a chemical that releases oxygen to then make a metal oxide
What’s the trend of how easy is it to extract the metal from an ore?
The more reactive the harder to extract
What’s needed to extract pure metal?
A small amount of heat is needed
What’s your three types of extraction?
Heat
Electrolysis
Heat + Carbon or CO2
What do you extract in extraction process?
Metals found as ores
What’s an electrolyte?
A solution with free ions in it
What does metals react with?
Water
Acid
Oxygen
What does the term electrolysis mean?
Breaking down ionic compound usuing electricity
