Chemistry Unit 1 Flashcards
What’s the 4 main ways a chemical reaction has occurred?
Colour change
Gas given off
Precipitation
Energy change
What’s the four main changes of state?
Melting
Evaporation
Condensation
Freezing
What’s solute?
The chemical being dissolved
What’s Solvent?
The liquid that the first chemical is dissolved in
What’s solution?
The final mixture of solute and solvent
What must happen for a chemical reaction to take place?
The particles of one substance must collide with enough force into the particles of the other
What can you do to make an experiment more reliable?
Repeat it several times and average your results
What are your four main variables?
Particle size
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst size
How does decreasing particle size increase reaction rate?
Because more particles are exposed on a larger surface area so more chance of collisions between the two chemicals
How does increasing concentration increase reaction rate?
More particles present in the same volume means the particles are more likely to collide
How does increasing temperature increase reaction rate?
The particles move much faster so are more likely to collide
What are catalysts?
Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions but can be recovered chemically unchanged
What is concentration?
Measure of how many particles are in a particular volume of solution
What are alkali metals?
The most reactive group of metals
What are noble gases?
The most stable group in the periodic table
What are the masses of each particles?
Protons = 1
Neutrons = 1
Electrons = 0
What are the electrical charges of each particle?
Protons = 1+
Neutrons = 0
Electrons = 1-
What is all the nuclide notations?
Atomic no= no of protons
Mass no= no of protons + neutrons
What are isotopes?
Same atomic number different mass number
What’s is the three main types of chemical bonds?
Metallic, covalent, ionic bonding
What does -ATE mean at the end of a compound name?
It has 2 elements and oxygen
What’s a molecule?
Small group of non metal atoms joined together held by a strong covalent bond
What’s a covalent bond?
When two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons
Define the term diatomic?
Made up of only 2 atoms
What are your 7 diatomic elements?
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Flourine, Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine
Define covalent network?
Covalent networks occur when every atom is covalently bonded together in one giant structure
What three elements can all exist as covalent networks?
Silicon
Boron
Carbon
Whats are your 4 shapes of covalent molecules?
Linear
Angular
Trigonal Pyramidal
Tetrahedral
What’s an ionic bond?
Is the electrostatic attraction between a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion
What is metallic bonding?
The attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons
What are spectator ions?
Ions that remain unchanged by the reaction
What does acid + base equal?
Salt + water
What does acid + metal hydroxide equal?
Salt + water
What does acid + metal oxide equal?
Salt + water
What does acid + metal carbonate equal?
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
What’s three pieces of very accurate apparatus used in titrations?
Burette, Pipette, Volumetric Flask
