Chemistry Unit 2 Flashcards
What’s a homologous series?
Compounds with the same general formula and have similar chemical properties
What’s the three homologous series areas?
Alkane,Alkene,Cycloalkane
A general increase in mp/bp of a homologous is caused?
By increasing attractive forces between molecules as the molecules get bigger
What’s the general formula?
A ratio that tells you how many hydrogen atoms a hydrocarbon has if you know how many carbons it has vice versa
Alkanes?
Saturated(single bonds)
GF= CnH2n+2
Ends in ane
Used as fuels
Insoluble in water
Alkenes?
Unsaturated(double bonds)
GF=CnH2n
Ends in ene
Insoluble in water
Used in polymers and alcohol
Cycloalkanes?
Saturated(single bonds)
GF=CnH2n
Start-Cyclo End-ane
Used as fuels & solvents
Insoluble in water
Explain the process of hydrogenation?
Reacting Alkenes with hydrogen will turn them into alkanes
How do you test if a chemical is unsaturated?
With bromine solution
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formula
Alcohols general formula?
CnH2n+1OH
What’s alcohols functional group?
Hydroxyl group
Uses of alcohols?
Fuels as they’re highly flammable and burn with a clean blue flame, also used as solvents
What’s Carboxylic acids functional group?
Carboxyl which is -COOH
Ends in -anoic acid
Uses of Carboxylic acids?
Preservatives, flavourings
What’s a combustion reaction?
When a substance reacts with oxygen to release energy
What does alcohols contain?
Carbon, Hydrogen & oxygen
What’s sulfur dioxide?
Gas that can cause acid rain
What’s nitrogen dioxide?
Gas that causes acid rain
What’s carbon monoxide+soot?
Formed due to incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon
What’s a incomplete combustion?
Not enough oxygen
How do you test if CO2 is present?
When limewater goes from clear to cloudy
How do you test for H2O?
When colbalt chloride goes from blue to pink
What’s vinegars second name
Ethanoic Acid
What’s your products of a complete combustion?
Carbon dioxide & water
What does metal oxides form?
Salt + Water
What does metal hydroxides form?
Salt + Water
What does metal carbonate form?
Salt + Water + CO2
What’s does the term soluble mean?
Dissolves (usually in water)
What does the term insoluble mean?
Does not dissolve (usually in water)
What does the term solute mean?
The substance that gets dissolved
Solvent?
What the solute dissolves in
What does the term solution mean?
Final mixture of solvent and solute
What is a standard solution?
Accurately known concentration
What are concordant values?
Values within 0.2 of each other
What’s the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
What’s the boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
What is reaction rate?
The speed that a chemical reaction takes place in
What transition metals often make good catalysts?
Platinum, Rhodium (used in car catalytic converters)
Explain reaction rate graphs?
The steeper the line the faster the reaction
Flat lines mean the reaction has stopped
What’s the reaction rate formula?
Rate= quantity/time
Whats Carboxylic acids general formula?
CnH2n+1COOH
What’s an exothermic reaction?
A reaction which releases heat energy
What’s the formula to see how much energy is in a fuel?
E=mcDeltaT
What’s an endothermic reaction?
A reaction where energy is absorbed from the surroundings
What’s the meanings of E=mcDeltaT
E= energy being released in KJ
M= Mass is substance being heated
C= Specific heat capacity
DT= Change in temperature
What does metal oxides make?
Alkali solutions
What does non-metal oxides make?
Acidic solutions
What is three pieces of apparatus?
Burette, Pipette, Conical flask
What are your -ate ions?
Sulfate, Nitrate, Chlorate
What are your -ite ions?
Similar to -ate ions
What are your -hydroxide ions?
Has that formula OH
What are your -Ammomnium ions?
Has the formula NH4
What’s an indicator used for?
To show that the reaction has ended
Why do you use a DC supply
To identify the products
