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gcses > chemistry topic 8 > Flashcards

chemistry topic 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a single element or compound

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2
Q

what is a formulation

A

mixture designed as a useful product - made by mixing the
components in carefully measured quantities

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3
Q

what are some examples of formulations

A

paints
medicines
fertilisers

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4
Q

what does chromatography do

A

separates soluble mixtures from a solvent

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5
Q

what is the formula for Rf

A

Rf = distance moved by substance (dye) / distance moved by solvent

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6
Q

what does the Rf value of a dye depends on

A

The solubility of the dye in the solvent

The attraction of the dye to the paper.

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7
Q

If a dye travels further up the paper:

A

It is more soluble in the solvent

has less attraction to the paper.

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8
Q

how to test for oxygen

A

test: glowing splint
result: re-lights

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9
Q

how to test for hydrogen

A

test: burning splint
result: squeaky pop

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10
Q

how to test for carbon dioxide

A

test: bubble through limewater

result: limewater goes cloudy

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11
Q

how to test for chlorine

A

test: damp litmus paper

result: Bleached – blue to white

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12
Q

how to test for lithium ions

A

flame test: crimson flame

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13
Q

how to test for sodium ions

A

flame test: yellow flame

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14
Q

how to test for potassium ions

A

flame test: lilac flame

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15
Q

how to test for copper ions

A

flame test: Green flame

add sodium hydroxide: blue precipitate

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16
Q

how to test for calcium ions

A

flame test: orange-red flame

add sodium hydroxide: white precipitate (does not dissolve when more added)

17
Q

how to test for magnesium ions

A

add sodium hydroxide: white precipitate (does not dissolve when more added)

18
Q

how to test for aluminium ions

A

add sodium hydroxide: white precipitate (does dissolve when more added)

19
Q

how to test for iron (ii) ions

A

add sodium hydroxide: green precipitate

20
Q

how to test for iron (iii) ions

A

add sodium hydroxide: brown precipitate

21
Q

how to test for sulfate ions

A

add barium chloride with hydrochloric acid: white precipitate

21
Q

how to test for carbonate ions

A

add dilute acid: bubbles of gas that turn limewater cloudy

21
Q

how to test for chloride ions

A

add silver nitrate with nitric acid:
white precipitate

21
Q

how to test for iodine ions

A

add silver nitrate and nitric acid: yellow precipitate

21
Q

how to test for bromide ions

A

add silver nitrate with nitric acid: cream precipitate

21
Q

what are the benefits of Elements and compounds being detected and identified
using Instrumental methods

A

Accurate

Sensitive

Rapid

21
Q

what is Flame emission spectroscopy used for

A

its used to identify and
measure concentrations of metal ions in solution.

21
Q

how is Flame emission spectroscopy done

A

Put sample into flame.

Light given out is passed through a spectroscope.

Each metal has their own patterns of bands which allows them to be identified as being present in the solution.

gcses (16 decks)

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