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gcses > chemistry topic 2 > Flashcards

chemistry topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

why are the three types of strong chemical bonds

A
  • Ionic
  • Covalent
  • Metallic
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2
Q

describe ionic bonding

A

Particles are oppositely charged ions

Between metals and non-metals

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3
Q

describe covalent bonding

A

Particles are atoms which share pairs of electrons

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4
Q

describe metallic bonding

A

Particles are atoms which share delocalised electrons

In metallic elements
and alloys

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5
Q

what happens during ionic bonding

A
  • Between a metal and non-metal
  • Metals LOSE electrons to form a
    POSITIVE charge
  • Non-metals GAIN electrons to form a
    NEGATIVE charge
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6
Q

what is an ionic compound composed of

A

An ionic compound composed of positive
ions (cations) and negative ions (anions).

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7
Q

what is Electrostatic Attraction

A

When oppositely charged ions are
attracted to each other

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8
Q

what is made during electrostatic attraction

A

ionic bonds

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9
Q

describe why things have a high melting point.

A
  • Giant 3D ionic lattice
  • there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • so large amounts of energy are needed to break the bonds
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10
Q

why are solid ionic compounds not conductive

A

When solid, the ions cannot move so do not conduct electricity.

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11
Q

why are molten/disloved ionic compounds conductive

A

When molten or dissolved in water, ions
are free to move and carry charge so
conduct electricity.

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12
Q

when does covalent bonding occur

A

Covalent bonding occurs between a non-metal and a non-metal. Atoms share outer
shell electrons with each other

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13
Q

what is it called if Two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms

A

double bond

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14
Q

what happens when you apply heat to molecules close together

A

intermolecular forces of attraction are easily broken and the structure is lost

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15
Q

how are molecules attracted to eachother

A

Molecules are attracted to each other by
intermolecular forces

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16
Q

give features of simple covalent molecules

A

Low melting and boiling
points

Usually liquids or gases at
room temperature

They have strong covalent
bonds within the molecules,

but only weak intermolecular
forces between molecules
which require little energy to
break

17
Q

give features of a diamonds structure on an intermolecular scale

A
  • Each carbon atom bonded
    to 4 other carbon atoms
  • Hard
  • Strong
  • Doesn’t conduct electricity
    as no delocalised electrons
  • Strong covalent bonds
    between carbon atoms
    require a lot of energy to
    break (high melting point)
18
Q

give features of graphites structure on an intermolecular scale

A
  • Each carbon atom bonded to 3
    other carbon atoms
  • Weak
  • Brittle
  • Conducts electricity as it has
    delocalised electrons which can
    carry charge through the
    structure
  • Slippery as graphite is in layers
    with weak intermolecular forces
    between layers
19
Q

what are Fullerenes.

A

Hollow sphere Buckminsterfullerene

20
Q

what structural feature of a metal makes it malleable

A

Layers can slide over each other

21
Q

what structural feature of a metal makes it conductive

A

Delocalised electrons can move and carry heat and charge

22
Q

what structural feature of a metal gives it a high boiling point

A

Strong force of electrostatic attraction
between electrons and metal ions

23
Q

what makes alloys strong

A

Alloys atoms cannot slide over each other

24
Q

what is an alloy

A

a mixture of 2 or more metals

25
Q

give features of alloys

A

Layers disrupted due to different sized atoms

Layers cannot slide over each. Strong but not malleable

26
Q

give features of pure metals

A

Regular pattern due to same sized atoms

Layers slide over each. Weak but malleable

27
Q

what are the three states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

28
Q

describe solids on an intermolecular scale

A

particles close together in regular
pattern, particals vibrate on the spot.

29
Q

describe liquids on an intermolecular scale

A

particals close together in random arrangement, particals move around each other.

30
Q

describe gases on an intermolecular scale

A

particals Far apart in random arrangement, particals move quickly.

31
Q

what does the energy need to change a state of matter depend on

A

the strength of the forces between the
particles of the substance.

32
Q

what can antiparticles be used as

A

catalysts

33
Q

what are the dangers of antiparticles

A
  • They may be able to catalyse harmful reactions in the body
  • Toxic substances may be able to bind to them and enter the body
  • They could enter and accumulate in our lungs and cause damage

gcses (16 decks)

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