Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

4th Quarter > Chemistry Test 2 > Flashcards

Chemistry Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

abbreviation for an element

A

symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

abbreviation for a compound

A

formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

abbreviation for a chemical change

A

chemical equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a whole number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula

A

coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a coefficient represents…

A

number of molecules of that element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a number written to the right and slightly below a symbol or formula

A

subscript

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a Subscript represents

A

total number of atoms in the element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in a chemical equation, the substances which are on the left side of the equation are called…

A

reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in a chemical equation, the substances which are on the right side of the equation are called

A

product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

formulas are usually expressed as the _________ portion written first; and a ___________ portion written last.

A

metallic

non-metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

__________ usually have positive oxidation numbers; whereas ___________ usually have negative oxidation numbers.

A

metals

non-metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in the expression of formulas, the products are obtained from the ___________; and essence “change partners”- that is _________ to _______ and __________ to _______.

A

reactants
plus to minus
minus to plus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sometimes a group of atoms behaves as if it were a single atom. this group has its own charge and name and is called a ______________

A

Polyatomic Ion or Radical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NH4 is the formula for __________

A

ammonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ammonium has a charge of ________

A

+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HCO3 is the formula for ________

A

Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bicarbonate has a charge of ______

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C103 is the formula for______

confirm this formula

A

chlorate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chlorate has a charge of ______

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

OH is the formula for ________

A

Hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hydroxide has a charge of _________

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NO3 is the formula for ________

A

Nitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nitrate has a charge of ________

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NO2 is the formula for _______

A

Nitrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nitrite has a charge of ________

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CO3 is the formula for _______

A

Carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Carbonate has a charge of _____

A

-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

SO4 is the formula for _______

A

Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sulfate has a charge of ______

A

-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

SO3 is the formula for _________

A

Sulfite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sulfite has a charge of _____

A

-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

BO3 is the formula for ________

A

Borate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Borate has a charge of ____

A

-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

B4O7 is the formula for _______

A

Tetraborate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Tetraborate has a charge of _____

A

-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

PO4 is the formula for _________

A

Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Phosphate has a charge of

A

-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

CN is the formula for _______

A

Cyanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Cyanide has a charge of _____

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

OC1 is the formula for __________

A

Hypochlorite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Hypochlorite has a charge of ______

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

To determine the total number of ________ present in a compound, take the ______ number of the compound (if present) and multiply it by the _________ number of the element (if present) and finally multiple that by the number _______ the parenthesis (if present)

A

Atoms
Coefficient
Subscript
Outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The only time parenthesis are used in Chemistry is when there is a ____________

A

polyatomic ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

atomic number of Hydrogen is ____ and atomic weight is _____

A

1

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the most abundant element in the universe…..

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what percentage of all elements in the universe contains hydrogen?

A

93%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

hydrogen is the ONLY element on the periodic table that routinely contains NO ________

A

NEUTRONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What elements are listed as OCCURENCE?

A

Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Halogen
Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

common name for Halogen

A

salt formers (group VII elements)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

all Halogens have _____ valence electrons in the outer most shell

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

In their ionic state, Halogens have a __________ number

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Types of Halogen

A
  1. Chlorine
  2. Fluorine
  3. Bromine
  4. Iodine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

most abundant or common element in the earth’s atmosphere

A

nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

most abundant element on the surface of the earth. Present in the air that we breathe

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

water is a___________

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Most abundant compound on the surface of the earth

A

H2O (water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

presence of calcium and magnesium salts within water

A

hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

hard water will cause blood to _______ in a dead human body

A

clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

water hardness that can be removed by boiling

A

temporary hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

water hardness that can not be removed by boiling

A

permanent hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

compounds in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize

A

hydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

the splitting or tearing apart of compounds by the addition of water.

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

chemical reaction between salt and water which yields or produces an acid and base of unequal strength

A

another definition for hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

removal or loss of water from a substance/dead human body. especially the face and lips

A

dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

dehydration is also called________________

A

desiccation

66
Q

the disassociation of substances in solution into ions

A

ionization

67
Q

disassociation means _______

A

breaking apart

68
Q

example of ionization would be like putting a teaspoon of granulated salt into _________

A

water

69
Q

a positively charged atom or group of atoms

A

cation

70
Q

example of cation….

A

sodium

71
Q

a negatively charged atom or group of atoms

A

anion

72
Q

example of anion

A

chlorine

73
Q

percentage of hydrogen ion in solution

A

pH

74
Q

7 on the pH scale is _______

A

neutral

75
Q

Below 7 on the pH scale is _________

A

acidic

76
Q

Above 7 on the pH scale is _______ or ________

A

alkaline

basic

77
Q

to check a solution to being acidic or alkaline is by an indicator paper called ______________

A

litmus paper

78
Q

The end color of any ACIDIC solution in chemistry would be…..

A

red

79
Q

The end color of any ALKALINE or BASIC solution in chemistry would be…..

A

blue

80
Q

water is a __________–

A

compound

81
Q

Water will turn any color litmus paper _____________

A

white

82
Q

litmus paper comes in what two colors?

A

blue

red

83
Q

the chemical reaction between acid and a base which always forms a salt and water

A

neutralization

84
Q

ammonia will _________ formaldehyde

A

neutralizee

85
Q

ammonia to formaldehyde reacts to form ________ and ________

A

urotropin (salt)

water (by product)

86
Q

CH2O (2 is a subscript) is the chemical formula for_____________

A

formaldehyde

87
Q

compounds formed, other than water in the chemical reaction between acids and bases

A

salts

88
Q

have a pH of less than 7

A

acids

89
Q

3 types of acids

A
  1. Arrhenius
  2. Bronsted-Lowry
  3. Lewis
90
Q

yields or produces hydrogen or hydronium ions in aqueous solution.

A

Arrhenius acids

91
Q

a solution which contains water

A

aqueous solution

92
Q

this acid is chemically correct

A

arrhenius acid

93
Q

acids which donates a proton

A

Bronsted-Lowry acid

94
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid is a ________ theory

A

false

95
Q

substances that ACCEPT a pair of electrons

A

lewis acid

96
Q

have a pH above 7

A

bases

97
Q

3 types of bases

A
  1. Arrhenius
  2. Bronsted-Lowry
  3. Lewis
98
Q

substance which yields are produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

A

arrhenius base

99
Q

a substance that accepts or gains a proton

A

Bronsted-Lowry base

100
Q

Bronsted-Lowry base is a ________ theory

A

false

101
Q

a substance that DONATES a pair of electrons

A

Lewis base

102
Q

Physical properties of Oxygen

A
  1. Odorless gas
  2. Colorless gas
  3. Tasteless gas
103
Q

oxygen is heavier than

A

air

104
Q

O2 is the formula for _____

A

oxygen

105
Q

chemical properties of oxygen

A
  1. combines with most elements to produce compounds called oxides
  2. supports combustion
  3. acts as oxidizing agent
106
Q

compounds which contain two or more elements…one of which is oxygen

A

oxides

107
Q

rapid oxidation in which heat and light are produced…usually accompanied by a flame

A

combustion

108
Q

oxygen does not__________

A

burn

109
Q

oxygen supports ___________

A

combustion

110
Q

a slow oxidation that develops by itself into combustion

A

spontaneous combustion

111
Q

REDuction & OXidation is known as…

A

REDOX

112
Q

4 Properties of oxidation….

A
  1. ADDITION of oxygen from a substance
  2. LOSS of hydrogen from a substance
  3. LOSS of electrons in an atom
  4. INCREASE in oxidation number of a substance in a compound
113
Q

Two ways to remember properties of oxidation

A

LEO

OIL

114
Q

LEO stands for…

A

Loss Of Electrons

115
Q

OIL stands for…

A

Oxidation Is Loss of electrons

116
Q

4 Properties of Reduction

A
  1. LOSS of oxygen from a substance
  2. GAIN of hydrogen to a substance
  3. GAIN of electrons during reaction
  4. DECREASE in the charge or oxidation number of an atom
117
Q

which property is most important in oxidation?

A

LOSS of electrons in an atom

118
Q

which property is most important in reduction?

A

GAIN of electrons during reaction

119
Q

REDOX will never occur _________________ of each other

A

independently

120
Q

In REDOX reaction, one substance is ______ and another is __________.

A

oxidized

reduced

121
Q

a comparison of oxidation numbers can be made of the elements on the _________ side of the equation to the same elements on the _____________ side. This comparison will determine which substance has been ______________ and which substance has been ____________.

A

reactant
product
oxidized
reduced

122
Q

oxidizing agent is ____________

A

reduced

123
Q

reducing agent is _________

A

oxidized

124
Q

whatever is oxidized….

A

loses

125
Q

whatever is reduced….

A

gains

126
Q

two ways to remember properties of Reduction

A

GERs

RIG

127
Q

GERs stands for

A

Gain of Electrons

128
Q

RIG stands for

A

Reductiion Is Gain of electrons

129
Q

True solutions

A

crystalloids

130
Q

Homogenous mixtures of two or more substances

A

true solutions (crystalloids)

131
Q

solid solution that is a metallic substance composed of two or more metallic substances

A

alloy

132
Q

component of a solution that is present in greatest quantity

A

solvent

133
Q

solutions which contain relatively low concentrations of solute such as 1% / 1g

A

dilute solutions

134
Q

solutions which contain relatively high concentrations of solute, such as 37% / 37g

A

concentrated solutions

135
Q

component of a solution that is dissolved

A

solute

136
Q

substance of a solution which does the dissolving

A

solvent

137
Q

relative to embalming fluids, a synonym for the solvent of water would be called the…..

A

vehicle

138
Q

amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at saturation describes _______

A

saturation point

139
Q

any solution which contains the maximum amount of solute which it is capable of dissolving

A

saturated

140
Q

any solution which contains less than the maximum amount of solute which it is capable of dissolving.

A

unsaturated

141
Q

examples of unsaturated

A

dilute

concentrated

142
Q

any solution which contains more solute than it is capable of dissolving

A

supersaturated

143
Q

When formaldehyde gas is dissolved in water the resulting solution is called

A

formalin

144
Q

concentrations of solutions are quantitatively expressed in what 2 methods?

A
  1. Percentage method

2. Ratio method

145
Q

this is an example of what method????

The percent of solution to % of solute.
By weight or volume - formaldehyde: 37% by weight, 40% by volume

A

percentage method

146
Q

this is an example of what method????

A

ratio method

147
Q

not sure what this means…confirm

A

parts per million…cubits of air

148
Q

The number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas in 100 milliliters of solutions defines

A

index

149
Q

The diffusion of fluids thru semi-permeable membranes or porous partitions describes

A

osmosis

150
Q

__________ does not need a semi-permeable membrane

A

diffusion

151
Q

Two solutions of equal concentrations are called

A

isotonic

152
Q

more or excessive solute

A

hypertonic solutions

153
Q

less or below - less solute

A

hypotonic solutions

154
Q

In addition to true solutions, other solution like systems are ___________ and ____________ which differ primarily in particle size.

A

emulsions

suspensions

155
Q

Inasmuch as solutions are diffusible, they therefore lend themselves to _________ which is diffusion through membranes.

A

osmosis

156
Q

A __________ solution is one that contains a lower solute concentration that of the other solution. This type solution may cause cells to_______ which results in _______.

A

hypotontic
burst
hemolysis

157
Q

Edematous remains would require a more ____________ solution in order to __________________ from body tissues.

A

hypertonic (plasmoptysis)

withdraw moisture

158
Q

Consequently, a hypertonic solution is one that contains a higher solute concentration than the opposing solution. This, in turn will cause body cells to _________which is called __________________.

A

shrink

crenation (plasmolysis)

159
Q

Dehydrated bodies should be injected with a ______ solution; whereas edematous bodies should be injected with a ____________ solution. Why? ???

A

hypotonic
hypertonic
You’d want it to plump up

160
Q

______________are yet another type of solution like substance only designated by particle size.

A

emulsions

161
Q

examples of emulsions…

A

Blood plasma
Egg white solution
Mayonnaise
Oil & Vinegar

162
Q

are mixtures such as milk of magnesia

A

suspensions

4th Quarter (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions