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Grade 11 > chemistry semester test > Flashcards

chemistry semester test Flashcards

1
Q

in an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison

A

control

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2
Q

in an experiment, the variable whose value depends on the independent variable

A

dependent variable

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3
Q

a set of controlled observations that test a hypothesis

A

experiment

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4
Q

in an experiment, the variable that the experimenter plans to change

A

independent variable

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5
Q

information describes color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristics

A

Qualitative data

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6
Q

numerical information, describes how much, how little, how big, how tall, or how fast

A

Quantitative data

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7
Q

the amount of mass per unit volume; a physical property

A

density

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8
Q

a systematic approach to problem solving that uses conversation factors to move from one unit to another

A

dimensional analysis

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9
Q

expresses any number as a number between 1 and 10 (known as a coefficient) multiplied by 10 raised to a power (known as an exponent)

A

scientific notation

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10
Q

the number of all known digits reported in measurements plus one estimated digit

A

Significant figure (or digit)

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11
Q

the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances

A

chemical property

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12
Q

a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition– for example, density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point

A

physical property

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13
Q

a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction

A

chemical change

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14
Q

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved

A

law of conservation of mass

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15
Q

a transition of matter from one state to another

A

phase change

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16
Q

a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition

A

physical change

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17
Q

a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound

A

percent by mass

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18
Q

a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows (periods) and vertical columns (group or families) arranged by increasing atomic number

A

periodic table

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19
Q

the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element; is electrically neutral, spherically shaped, and composed electrons, protons, and neutrons

A

atom

20
Q

a negatively charged, fast-moving particle with an extremely small mass that is found in all forms of matter and moves through the empty space surrounding an atom’s nucleus

A

electron

21
Q

a subatomic particle in an atom’s nucleus that has a positive charge of 1+

A

proton

22
Q

a neutral, subatomic particle is an atom’s nucleus that has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton

A

neutron

23
Q

The extremely small, positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons

A

nucleus

24
Q

the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element

A

atomic mass

25
Q

the number of protons in an atom

A

atomic number

26
Q

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

27
Q

states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

A

aufbau principle

28
Q

the arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules— the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli exclusion principle ,and Hund’s rule

A

electron configuration

29
Q

Consists of an element’s symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level electrons, that is surrounded by sots, representing the atom’s valence electrons

A

electron-dot structure (lewis structure)

30
Q

states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

A

Hund’s rule

31
Q

States that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital but only if the electrons have opposite spins

A

pauli exclusion principle

32
Q

the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties if an element

A

Valence electrons

33
Q

in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 7 that follow the element actinium

A

actinide series

34
Q

Group 1 elements, except for hydrogen, they are reactive and usually exist as compounds with other elements

A

alkali metals

35
Q

group 2 elements in the modern periodic table and are highly reactive

A

alkaline earth metals

36
Q

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic number; also called a family

A

Group

37
Q

a highly reactive group 17 element

A

halogens

38
Q

in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 6 that follow the element lanthanum

A

lanthanide series

39
Q

an element that is solid at room temperature, a good conductor, of heat and electricity, and generally is shiny; most are ductile and malleable

A

metal

40
Q

an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals

A

metalloid

41
Q

an extremely unreactive group 18 element

A

noble gas

42
Q

elements that are generally gasses or dull, brittle solids that are poor conductors of heat and electricity

A

nonmetal

43
Q

a horizontal row of elements in the modern periodic table

A

period

44
Q

an element in groups 3-12 that is contained in the d-block of the periodic table, and with some exceptions, is characterized by a filled d orbitals of energy level n-1

A

transitional metal

45
Q

an atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

A

ion

46
Q

states that atoms lose, gain, or share electrons in order to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas

A

octet rule

Grade 11 (25 decks)

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