Chemistry (QUIZ 1)

Question 1

Define Matter.

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space - can exist in 3 states - solid liquid or gas.

Question 2

Define Chemistry.

Answer 2

The study of matter ( all substances that have mass and occupies space) and its interactions.

Question 3

Define Energy.

Answer 3

Capacity to do work. Example: Diffusion - it does not need energy.

Question 4

Potential Energy

Answer 4

Energy contained in an object because of its position or internal state. (Not doing work at the same time, ex: water behind a dam.)

Question 5

Kinectic Energy

Answer 5

Energy in motion - ex : atoms or molecules. (sugar cube dropped in coffee- it will more were there is less sugar. Move down the concentration gradient, only moves because it has kinectic.)

Question 6

What are two forms of energy

Answer 6

Potential energy - is stored to do work later.

Kinetic energy is potential energy that has been released or set in motion to perform work. All atoms have kinetic energy as they are in constant motion.

Question 7

List the types of energy in the human body.

Answer 7

Chemical, electrical and mechanical.

Question 8

Describe chemical energy in the human body.

Answer 8

found in bonds between atoms. Energy in chemical bonds.

Question 9

Describe electrical energy.

Answer 9

generated by movement in particles or ions. (nerves/thinking. coffee cup - brains sends an electrical impulse to pick up coffee cup. Or heart impulse.)

Question 10

Mechanical energy.

Answer 10

Energy directly transferred from one object to another.

Question 11

What is an atom?

Answer 11

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains original properties of it’s given element.

Question 12

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 12

Subatomic particles.

Proton (positive charge.)
Neutron (neutral charge)
Electrons (negative charge)

Question 13

Why are atoms electrically neutral?

Answer 13

Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of Protons and Electrons are equal, therefore, cancelling each other’s charge. However, the number of Neutrons do not have to be there same .

This creates an isotope.

Question 14

Where do electrons exist?

Answer 14

In the electron shells. Each hold a certain number of electrons. The first one (closest to the nucleus - core shell) hold 2. The second shell holds 8. And the third one, called Valence shell - up to 18 but satisfied with 8. (octet rule.)

Question 15

List the MAJOR ELEMENTS found in the human body/

Answer 15

(O) Oxygen, (C) Carbon, (H) Hydrogen, (Ni) Nitrogen.

Question 16

What does the number of protons in the nucleus determine and what is it called?

Answer 16

The number of proton indicate its element and it is called the Atomic Number.

Question 17

What is the MASS Number?

Answer 17

The mass number is determined the adding the number of PROTONS & NEUTRONS.

Question 18

Does the Atomic Number change when atoms gain or lose an electron?

Answer 18

No. The mass number changes, however, there isn’t a change to its Atomic Number - because it still has the same amount of protons.

Question 19

What are Isotopes?

Answer 19

Atoms with the same Atomic Number (same element) but with a different Mass Number (different number of Neutrons) are isotopes.

Question 20

What are the Electron Shells?

Answer 20

Regions surrounding the Atomic Nucleus where electrons exist; each can hold a certain # of electrons.

Question 21

List the number of electrons each shell can hold?

Answer 21

First shell - Hold 2
Second - Holds 8
Third- up to 18 but satisfied with 8.

Question 22

How is the Periodic Table of Elements organzied?

Answer 22

It is organized by the increasing atomic numbers of each element.
Organzied elements into groups by its properties.
Each element is represented by a chemical symbol.

Question 23

What are minerals?

Answer 23

Minerals are inorganic compounds elements extracted from soil or plants and passed up the food chain to humans.

Ca, P, ClL, MG, K, Fe, Zn, S

Question 24

What do minerals structure?

Answer 24

Minerals constituent about 4% of body weight.

Structures - teeth, bones, etc
electrolytes- needed for nerve + muscle functions + mineral salts.

Question 25

What are Radioisotopes

Answer 25

Unstable isotopes.; high energy or radiation released by radioactive decay, allows isotopes to a more stable form. Every element has at least one isostope.

Question 26

radio activity

Answer 26

radioisoptopes decay to stable isotopes releasing RADIATION. We are mildly RADIOACTIVE.

Question 27

Define Isotope:

Answer 27

Atoms with the same atomic number ( protons) but different mass # (different electrons) are Isotopes. This makes it unstable

Question 28

Chemical Bonds is not a ____ but rather an ___ or ____ between atoms.

Answer 28

1. physical force, energy relationship, attractive force.

Question 29

Molecule: Formed by __ bonding between __ or __ __ of the _______ ______

Answer 29

1. chemical bonding, two or more atoms, of the same element.

Question 30

Compound: Formed by ____ bonding, between __ or __ from ________ elements.

Answer 30

chemical bonding, between two or elements from different elements

Question 31

chemical bonding, between two or elements from different elements

Answer 31

COMPOUND BOND

Question 32

chemical bonding, two or more atoms, of the same element.

Answer 32

MOLECULE.

Question 33

Define Mixture:

Answer 33

When two or more elements are physically intermixed. Chemical nature of those atoms DOES NOT CHANGE.

Question 34

List the two ways matter can be combined?

Answer 34

Physically intermixed or by chemical bond.

Question 35

List the 3 types of basic mixtures.

Answer 35

Suspension (large particles, usually visible, settles out.)
Colliods- Two distinct components. Not visible, does not settle.
Solution -gas, liquid, solid mixed with a liquid (usually solvant - water.) Solute is usually translucent.

Question 36

Describe a chemical bond.

Answer 36

Two elements combined. Each one altered chemically.

Question 37

List 2 types of chemical bonds

Answer 37

• Ionic bond, covalent bonds

Question 38

Atoms that lost or gained an electron. Have an electrical charge

Answer 38

ION.

Question 39

Ionic Bonds: Results when ___ are ____ between a ___ atom and a ___ atoms.

Answer 39

1. electrons. 2, transferred, between a metal atom and nonmetal atom.

Question 40

What is it called when an atom loses an electron.

Answer 40

Cation . It has a positive charge.

Question 41

What is a called when an atom gain an electron?

Answer 41

Anion - negative charge.

Question 42

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 42

Sharing of electrons between two or more non metals. Strongest type of bond.

Question 43

All elements have ____ and those ___ ___ ___.

Answer 43

All elements have protons and those protons attract electrons.

Question 44

Nonpolar covalent bond.

Answer 44

When two non metals in a molecule (same element) have identical electronegativity they tug on electrons with he same force and electrons are shared equally.

Question 45

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 45

Resulting from unequal sharing of electrons between two NON METALS. The electron spend more time around the electronegative atoms - creating a dipole.

Question 46

A series of symbols and abbreviations that is used to demonstrate what occurs in a reaction.

Answer 46

A CHEMICAL NOTATION.

Question 47

What does the PLUS SIGN in a chemical equation indicate?

Answer 47

It indicated that it “reacted with”

Question 48

What is the right side on the chemical equation indicate?

Answer 48

That’s where we place the product or substance produced in reaction.

Question 49

Breaking down food —> converts to energy —> building new compounds.

What the three basic types of reactions?

Answer 49

Chemical Reaction in the Human Body.

Catabolic reaction: Larger substances are broken down into smaller ones. AB — > A+B

Exchange reaction One or more atoms from the reactants are exchanged for another. Bonds are broken and formed. AB+ CD —> AD + BC

Anabolic - Reactions that create new chemical bonds. A+B —> AB