chemistry - periodic functions Flashcards

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1
Q

define periodic law?

A

properties of an element are periodic functions of they atomic number is know as periodic law

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2
Q

periodic function?

A

1) metallic properties of elements
2) electronegativity
3) first ionisation energy
4) valency

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3
Q

5 main Metallic properties of elements ?

A

1) metals - Li, Be ,Na ,Mg ,Al ,P ,Ca
2) solid non metals - C ,S,P
3) reactive gasses - H ,N ,O ,F ,Cl
4) noble gasses - He ,Ne , Ar
5) metaloids - B, Si

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4
Q

what are the physical properties of metals

A

have a metallic luster
sonorous
malleable
exist in a solid-state at room temperature

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5
Q

what are the chemical properties of metals?

A

1) by combining with oxygen basic oxides are formed
2) when oxides are dissolved in water basic solutions are formed
3) metals for positive ions or cations when an electron is removed

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6
Q

Physical properties of sodium (Na)?

A

sodium is a soft metal
good heat and electricity conductor
sodium has a low density than water so it floats in water

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7
Q

chemical properties of sodium

A

1) it has a very fast reaction between oxygen and water vapor
2) it reacts vigorously with water
3) it reacts fast with dilute acid and explodes

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8
Q

uses of sodium?

A

produce sodium cyanide
produce sodium amalgam
produce indigo dye
use for extraction of metals from their compound

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9
Q

physical properties of magnesium?

A

good conductor for heat and electricity

has a higher density than water

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10
Q

chemical properties of magnesium

A

it burns in air with white flame
it does not react with cold water
it react fast with dilute acid

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11
Q

uses of magnesium

A

1) use to produce medicine
2) use as a metal that prevents corrosion of iron
3) produce magnelium
magnesium + aluminum = magnelium ( is an alloy that is strong and resistant to corrosion it is used in the aircraft industry and to make parts for automobiles)

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12
Q

3 types of solid non-metals?

A

reactive gasses
noble gasses
solid non metals

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13
Q

physical properties if carbon

A

most of the carbon forms are in black colour (except diamond)
carbon has a low density ( except diamond )
poor conductor for electricity ( except graphite)

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14
Q

chemical properties of cabon

A

carbon are very low reactive elements

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15
Q

uses of carbon

A
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16
Q

physical properties of sulphur

A

it’s a yellow color solid
it has a very unpleasant smell
it dissolve in water but highly dissolve in carbon disulphide

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17
Q

chemical properties of sulphur

A

it burns in the air with a bright blue flame

it burns with different metals and forms metal sulphide

18
Q

2 types of non metallic gasses?

A

reactive gasses

noble gasses

19
Q

what are reactive gasses

A

gasses which naturally exists in atomic molecules

H ,N ,O , F, Cl

20
Q

physical properties of nitrogen

A

it’s colorless and odorless

it’s lighter than air and its slightly soluble in water

21
Q

chemical properties if nitrogen

A

its a very low reactive element
it’s nonsupport to combustion
it reacts with magnesium at a high temperature

under special conditions, it reacts with hydrogen and forms ammonia(a good fertilizer)

22
Q

uses if nitrogen

A

it’s used when packaging milk powder packet
nitrogen liquid is used as a coolant
its also used to fill vehicle tires
used to fill electric bulbs and thermometers

23
Q

what are noble gasses

A

helium He
neon Ne
argon Ar

24
Q

why noble gasses are refered as no reactive gasses

A

since they maximum number of electrons in there outer shell. they do not react to others

25
Q

what are metolloids?

A

elements that have metallic and non-metallic properties are known as metalloids.

26
Q

uses if silicon

A

use to make diodes and transistors
use to make solar cells
used to make computer equipments

27
Q

uses of boron

A

use as a welding metal
use to make skin cream
use to make glass tubes that can be heated at a high temperature

28
Q

what are allotropes

A

elements which have different forms are known as allotropes

29
Q

what are the two allotropes that carbon have

A

crystalline carbon - diamond, graphite, fluorine

amorphous carbon - coal ,charcoal ,lamp , sout

30
Q

allotropes of oxygen

A
atmospheric oxygen ( O2   )
ozone (O3)
31
Q

allotropes of sulphur

A

Rhombus sulphur
Crystalline sulphur
amofores sulphur

32
Q

what is valency

A

all the element atoms needed to be stable in the outer shell. to stable the outer shell some atoms release or gain some electrons to stable their outer shell .these number of electrons is known as valency.

33
Q

there are 2 types of chemical formulae

A

1) simple chemical formulae

2) complex chemical formulae

34
Q

how write simple chemical formulae

A

write the lowest group number of elements first
change the valency and right
keep the simplest form for that valency

35
Q

how to write complex chemical formulae

A

first, wright metal and then wright polyatomic group

keep the formulae in the simplest form

36
Q

what are Isotopes

A

the same element atom with different atomic masses are known as Isotopes

37
Q

what are isotopes of hygrogen

A

protium
deuterium
Titrium

38
Q

what is first ionization energy?

A

the first Ionization energy of an element is the minimum energy that should be supplied to an atom in the gaseous state to remove an electron and to form a unipositive gaseous ion.

39
Q

what is Electronegativity

A

Electronegativity means the ability of an atom of an element to attract an electron of a bond towards itself when its attached to another element

the attraction of of higher electronegativity is greater than the lower electronegativity.

40
Q

the nature of oxides in elements in the 3rd period

A
Na - strongly basic
Mg - weakly basic
Al - amphoteric
Si - very weakly acidic
P - weakly acidic
S - strongly acidic
Cl - very strongly acidic