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YR 10 MOCKS > Chemistry - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

EXAMPLE = M

Structure, General Formula and Example of Alkanes

A

Structure: Consist of only single bonds between carbon atoms.
General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Example: Methane (CH₄)

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2
Q

EXAMPLE - E

Structure, General Formula and Example of Alkenes

A

Structure: Contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
General formula: CₙH₂ₙ
Example: Ethene (C₂H₄)

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3
Q

Bonding - Alkanes

A

Only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

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4
Q

Bonding - Alkenes

A

Contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

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5
Q

Reactions - Combustion
Alkanes

A

Burn in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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6
Q

Reactions - Combustion
Alkenes

A

Burn in excess oxygen but may produce carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide, depending on conditions.

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7
Q

Reactions - Addition
Alkanes

A

Not reactive under normal conditions.

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8
Q

Reactions - Addition
Alkenes

A

Where atoms or groups of atoms are added across the double bond, e.g., hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydration.

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9
Q

Physical Properties of Alkanes

A

Typically colorless, odorless, and less dense than water. Boiling points increase with increasing atomic mass.

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10
Q

Physical Properties of Alkenes

A

Typically colorless, odorless, and less dense than water. Lower boiling points compared to alkanes.

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11
Q

Chemical Properties of Alkanes

A

Alkanes are less reactive than alkenes because they don’t have pi bonds.

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12
Q

What is a pi bond?

A

A pi bond is an extra connection between atoms in a molecule that adds stability.

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13
Q

Chemical Properties of Alkenes

A

More chemically reactive due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond.

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14
Q

Definition of Saturated Compounds

A

Molecules that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

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15
Q

Example of a Saturated Compound

A

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.

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16
Q

Characteristics of a Saturated Compound

A

Saturated compounds tend to be more stable and less reactive compared to unsaturated compounds.

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17
Q

Definition of Unsaturated Compounds

A

Molecules that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

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18
Q

Is alkanes or alkenes an example of unsaturated compounds?

A

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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19
Q

Characteristics of an Unsaturated Compound

A

Unsaturated compounds are typically more reactive than saturated compounds due to the presence of pi bonds.

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20
Q

Definition of General Formula

A

A formula that represents the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.

21
Q

General Formula of Alkanes

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

22
Q

General formula for Alkenes

A

CₙH₂ₙ

23
Q
A
24
Q

Use of General Formulas

A

General formulas are used to predict the molecular formula of compounds based on their structure or vice versa.

25
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound consisting only of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

26
Q

Characteristics of Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbons are often more flammable and are the basis for many organic compounds.

27
Q

METHANE: CH₄

Example of displayed formula

A

Methane: CH₄
H
|
H - C - H
|
H

28
Q

Definition of displayed formula

A

A way of showing the arrangement of atom in a molecule by drawing out each atom and bonds between them.

29
Q

Use of displayed formula

A

Displayed formulas help visualise the structure of molecules and show how atoms are bonded together

30
Q

Definition of functional group

A

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for its characteristic chemical reactions.

31
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Alkene + Hydrogen –> Alkane

32
Q

Hydration

A

Alkene + Water (steam) –> Alcohol

33
Q

Hydrohalogenation

A

Alkene + Halogen –> Halogenoalkane

34
Q

Poly(ethene)

A

A polymer made from a very large number of ethene molecules combined together.

35
Q

Polymerisation Reaction

A

Reaction in which monomer molecules combine together to form larger polymer molecules.

36
Q

Functional group for Alcohols

A

-OH

37
Q

Formula for Methanol

A

CH3OH

38
Q

Formula for Ethanol

A

C2H5OH

39
Q

Formula for Proponal

A

C3H7OH

40
Q

Formula for Butanol

A

C4H9OH

41
Q

Functional group for Carboxylic acids

A

-COOH

42
Q

Formula for Methanoic Acid

A

HCOOH

43
Q

Formula for Ethanoic Acid

A

CH3COOH

44
Q

Formula for Propanoic Acid

A

C2H5COOH

45
Q

Formula for Butanoic Acid

A

C3H7COOH

46
Q

Carboxilic Acids + Alcohols –>

A

Esters + Water

47
Q

Functional Group for Esters

A

-COO-

48
Q

ESTER EQUATION
Ethanol + Ethanoic Acid –> ? + Water

A

Ethyl Ethanoate

YR 10 MOCKS (18 decks)

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