Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Atom
Smallest building block of matter
Compound
The combination of two elements
Element
A pure substance made of two or more identical atoms
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms of the same or different elements chemically bonded together
Organic compound
A compound that contains carbon usually bonded with hydrogen
Sodium function and deficiency in plants and animals
Plants :maintains osmotic balance in plants
Def : reduced plant growth
Animals: - plays a role in the functioning of nerves and muscles
-regulates the secretion of HCL In the stomach
Def :muscle cramps
The function potassium in plants and and animals including deficiency
Plants:-photo synthesis
-protein synthesis
-activation of plant enzymes
-regulating plant stomach and water use
Def:lower resistance to drought ,excessive water loss and diseases
Animals :regulation of blood pressure , nerve functions ,muscle control and cellular respiration
Def : low levels of oxygen ,muscular cramps ,lung failure
The function of calcium in plants and animals including deficiency
Plants:required for: the formation of the middle lamella of cell walls
-maintaining permeability of cell membranes
Def :poor growth of plant ,death of growing parts of plants
Photo:required for:
-the formation of bone and teeth
-blood clotting
Def :rickets in children , poor bone formation
The function of calcium in plants and animals including deficiency
Plants:required for: the formation of the middle lamella of cell walls
-maintaining permeability of cell membranes
Def :poor growth of plant ,death of growing parts of plants
Photo:required for:
-the formation of bone and teeth
-blood clotting
Def :rickets in children , poor bone formation
Phosphorus function in plants inclu def
Required for formation of :
-cell membrane
-nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
-the energy carrier ,ATP
Def: brown spots on leaves and premature leaf fall
Phosphorus function in animals including deficiency
Require for formation of :
-cell membranes
-nucleic acids
-the energy carrier
-bones and teeth
Def:rickets in children poor bone formation
Iron function in plants and including deficiency
In plants:Required for the formation of chlorophyll
Def :chlorosis in plants -yellow leaves lacking chlorophyll
Iron function in anims including deficiency
-required for the formation of hemoglobin found In red blood corpuscles
Def : anaemia- lack of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells
Iodine function in plants including deficiency
Required for the process of photosynthesis
Def :decreased growth and death of plants due to decreased photosynthetic ability
Iodine function in animals including deficiency
Required for the formation of the hormone thyroxin secreted by the thyroid gland
Def : goitre -enlargement of the thyroid gland
What does water consist of and in what ratio
H and O
Ration - 2:1
The function if water in pants and in animals
Plants : required for photosynthesis
Animals :plays an important role in nutrition
Both:provides a fluid medium for chemical reactions
What’s made up of c h and o only
Carbohydrates
Function of Carbohydrates and its ratio of H t O
Source of energy
Cellulose(poly) formes the cell wals of plants
2:1
Mononers of Carbo hydrates
Monosaccharides
Example of mono di and poly saccharides
Mono : glucose fructose
Di :Maltose sucrose
Poly: starch ,cellulose ,and glycogen
Contain C ,H,O,and N
Protein
Monomers of proteins and importance
Amino acids
Required for growth and repair of body tissue
Enzymes speed up.chemical reaction in the body and hormones act as chemical messengers in the blood
Contains C,H,O and its ratio ?
Lipids - greater than 2:1
Monomers of lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids
Found in cell membrane
Phospholipids
Found in cell membrane
Phospholipids
Difference between fats and oils
Fats are generally solid at room temperature
Oils are generally liquid at room temperature
Importance of lipids
Source of energy
Fats under the skin serve to insulate yhe body therefore preventing excessive heat lossy
Ewhat group do enzymes belong to
Organic catalysts
What do enzymes do ?
Speeds up and regulate the biochemical reactions in the cell
Optimum temperature?
Super high or low ph ?
37 degrees
Denatured
Temp below optimum
Temp above ptimum ?
Inactive
Denatured
Lock and key theory
-each enzyme has a particular shape
-the substrate fits into the enzyme
-an enzyme-substrate complex is formed
-a chemical reaction occurs and the substrate is changed
-the enzyme and product are then separated
-the enzyme in now free to react with the rest of the substrate
Describe Vitamin A
Function:
-essential gor the correct Functionijg of the eye
Source :
Liver milk , dairy products, fruits and vegetables
Deficiency:
Night blindness
Describe Vitamin b1
Function:
Acts as a co-enzyme in cellular respiration
Source :
Whole grain of cereals ,nuts, meat and yeast
Deficiency :
Bering beri -stunted growth , heart disorder
Vitamin C
Function:
-maintains the intracellular substance in cartilage ,bone and dentine
-acts as a catalyst in cell respiration
Source:
Citrus fruit ,guavas
Deficiency:
Scurvy- gum bleeding,sore skin ,nose bleed
Function of vitamin D
Increase the absorption of calcium and phosphate salts in alimentary canal
Source :
Dairy products , egg yolk
Deficiency:
Rickets in children
Vitamin E
Function:prevents oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
Def: hemorrhage-excessive bleeding
Source: leafy green vegetables
