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Lfsc P1 > Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest building block of matter

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2
Q

Compound

A

The combination of two elements

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3
Q

Element

A

A pure substance made of two or more identical atoms

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4
Q

Molecule

A

A group of two or more atoms of the same or different elements chemically bonded together

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5
Q

Organic compound

A

A compound that contains carbon usually bonded with hydrogen

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6
Q

Sodium function and deficiency in plants and animals

A

Plants :maintains osmotic balance in plants

Def : reduced plant growth

Animals: - plays a role in the functioning of nerves and muscles
-regulates the secretion of HCL In the stomach

Def :muscle cramps

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7
Q

The function potassium in plants and and animals including deficiency

A

Plants:-photo synthesis
-protein synthesis
-activation of plant enzymes
-regulating plant stomach and water use

Def:lower resistance to drought ,excessive water loss and diseases

Animals :regulation of blood pressure , nerve functions ,muscle control and cellular respiration

Def : low levels of oxygen ,muscular cramps ,lung failure

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8
Q

The function of calcium in plants and animals including deficiency

A

Plants:required for: the formation of the middle lamella of cell walls
-maintaining permeability of cell membranes

Def :poor growth of plant ,death of growing parts of plants

Photo:required for:
-the formation of bone and teeth
-blood clotting

Def :rickets in children , poor bone formation

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9
Q

The function of calcium in plants and animals including deficiency

A

Plants:required for: the formation of the middle lamella of cell walls
-maintaining permeability of cell membranes

Def :poor growth of plant ,death of growing parts of plants

Photo:required for:
-the formation of bone and teeth
-blood clotting

Def :rickets in children , poor bone formation

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10
Q

Phosphorus function in plants inclu def

A

Required for formation of :
-cell membrane
-nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
-the energy carrier ,ATP

Def: brown spots on leaves and premature leaf fall

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11
Q

Phosphorus function in animals including deficiency

A

Require for formation of :
-cell membranes
-nucleic acids
-the energy carrier
-bones and teeth

Def:rickets in children poor bone formation

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12
Q

Iron function in plants and including deficiency

A

In plants:Required for the formation of chlorophyll

Def :chlorosis in plants -yellow leaves lacking chlorophyll

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13
Q

Iron function in anims including deficiency

A

-required for the formation of hemoglobin found In red blood corpuscles

Def : anaemia- lack of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells

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14
Q

Iodine function in plants including deficiency

A

Required for the process of photosynthesis

Def :decreased growth and death of plants due to decreased photosynthetic ability

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15
Q

Iodine function in animals including deficiency

A

Required for the formation of the hormone thyroxin secreted by the thyroid gland

Def : goitre -enlargement of the thyroid gland

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16
Q

What does water consist of and in what ratio

A

H and O

Ration - 2:1

17
Q

The function if water in pants and in animals

A

Plants : required for photosynthesis

Animals :plays an important role in nutrition

Both:provides a fluid medium for chemical reactions

18
Q

What’s made up of c h and o only

A

Carbohydrates

19
Q

Function of Carbohydrates and its ratio of H t O

A

Source of energy
Cellulose(poly) formes the cell wals of plants

2:1

20
Q

Mononers of Carbo hydrates

A

Monosaccharides

21
Q

Example of mono di and poly saccharides

A

Mono : glucose fructose

Di :Maltose sucrose

Poly: starch ,cellulose ,and glycogen

22
Q

Contain C ,H,O,and N

A

Protein

23
Q

Monomers of proteins and importance

A

Amino acids

Required for growth and repair of body tissue
Enzymes speed up.chemical reaction in the body and hormones act as chemical messengers in the blood

24
Q

Contains C,H,O and its ratio ?

A

Lipids - greater than 2:1

25
Q

Monomers of lipids

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

26
Q

Found in cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

27
Q

Found in cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

28
Q

Difference between fats and oils

A

Fats are generally solid at room temperature

Oils are generally liquid at room temperature

29
Q

Importance of lipids

A

Source of energy

Fats under the skin serve to insulate yhe body therefore preventing excessive heat lossy

30
Q

Ewhat group do enzymes belong to

A

Organic catalysts

31
Q

What do enzymes do ?

A

Speeds up and regulate the biochemical reactions in the cell

32
Q

Optimum temperature?

Super high or low ph ?

A

37 degrees

Denatured

33
Q

Temp below optimum

Temp above ptimum ?

A

Inactive

Denatured

34
Q

Lock and key theory

A

-each enzyme has a particular shape
-the substrate fits into the enzyme
-an enzyme-substrate complex is formed
-a chemical reaction occurs and the substrate is changed
-the enzyme and product are then separated
-the enzyme in now free to react with the rest of the substrate

35
Q

Describe Vitamin A

A

Function:
-essential gor the correct Functionijg of the eye

Source :
Liver milk , dairy products, fruits and vegetables

Deficiency:
Night blindness

36
Q

Describe Vitamin b1

A

Function:
Acts as a co-enzyme in cellular respiration

Source :
Whole grain of cereals ,nuts, meat and yeast

Deficiency :
Bering beri -stunted growth , heart disorder

37
Q

Vitamin C

A

Function:
-maintains the intracellular substance in cartilage ,bone and dentine
-acts as a catalyst in cell respiration

Source:
Citrus fruit ,guavas

Deficiency:
Scurvy- gum bleeding,sore skin ,nose bleed

38
Q

Function of vitamin D

A

Increase the absorption of calcium and phosphate salts in alimentary canal

Source :
Dairy products , egg yolk

Deficiency:
Rickets in children

39
Q

Vitamin E

A

Function:prevents oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids

Def: hemorrhage-excessive bleeding

Source: leafy green vegetables

Lfsc P1 (11 decks)

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