Chemistry modules 2-3( until slide 16)

Question 1

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 1

JJ. Thomson

Question 2

How did the cathode ray experiment help with Thomsons discovery?

Answer 2

The cathode ray was attracted to the positive plate and reeled from the negative, meaning the ray had a negative charge

Question 3

What was Thomsons theory?

Answer 3

The negatively charged particles must be apart of the atom, seeing how its mass is 1/2000 of a hydrogen atom.

Question 4

Why did Ernest Rutherford use gold in his experiment?

Answer 4

Because gold is very malleable, meaning it can be slices into very thin sheets.

Question 5

What makes up most of the atoms mass?

Answer 5

The positive charge

Question 6

What was Niels Bohr interested in

Answer 6

Explaining the light emitted from different elements

Question 7

What is the planetary model and who supposed it?

Answer 7

Niels Bohr; electrons revolve around a positively charges nucleus(like the solar system to the sun)

Question 8

Planck and Einstein thought what?

Answer 8

Electromagnetic radiation behaved in waves and sometimes like particles called photons

Question 9

what was the equation for energy of light with electromagnetic radiation

Answer 9

E= nhv ( n= positive integer, h= the constant (6.626×10−34 J⋅s), and v= the frequency of light)

Question 10

emitted electromagnetic radiation must have…

Answer 10

energies with multiples of hv

Question 11

Quantization is linked with

Answer 11

the Atomic line spectra

Question 12

Bohrs discovers of electrons

Answer 12

• elections revolve around a positive nucleus
• electrons orbit at certain energy levels
• electrons gain energy to jump orbitals, and when they lose energy the go down in orbitals emitting photons

Question 13

The Quantum atomic model of Schrodinger key point

Answer 13

• proposed the idea of treating electrons as waves of matter

Question 14

An atomic orbital is

Answer 14

a region within the atom where an electron is most likely to be

Question 15

Schrodinger wave equation does what

Answer 15

does not contain time as a variable but a time independent wave equation

Question 16

Palis exclusion theory states what?

Answer 16

No two electrons in the same atom can have identical values in all 4 of their quantum numbers

Question 17

What is a quark?

Answer 17

a type of elementary particle that cannot be broken down any more

Question 18

What is a hadron?

Answer 18

a subatomic particle made up by 2 or more quarks, held together by a strong interaction.(proton is an example)

Question 19

What is a lepton?

Answer 19

an elementary particle of half integer spin and does not undergo strong interactions (an electron is an example and can also stand as an individual particle)

Question 20

Quarks existence was proven by experiments done when?

Answer 20

1967-1973

Question 21

quarks contain

Answer 21

charges but they’re fractional charges like 1/3 or -1/3(cannot stand as an individual particle)

Question 22

quarks are fundamental units of matter and combine to make up what?

Answer 22

hadrons which the most stable are protons and neutrons

Question 23

quarks are the only elementary particle to do what?

Answer 23

experience all 4 fundamental interactions

Question 24

the proton is made up of what quarks

Answer 24

up(2/3+ up(2/3)+ down(-1/3) equalling a charge of one

Question 25

The neutron star is…

Answer 25

a different form of matter with such a strong gravity, protons and electrons combine and and form neutrons( stars with 4 to 8 times the suns mass become neutron stars)

Question 26

what is Aufbau principal state

Answer 26

how protons are added to the nucleus by going up in elements, electrons do the same in orbitals

Question 27

What is the Hunds Rule?

Answer 27

The lowest energy configuration is the one having the maximum unpaired electrons

Question 28

what is electron affinity?

Answer 28

an energy change when an electron is added

Question 29

What is ionization energy

Answer 29

the amount of required energy to remove an electron