Chemistry modules 2-3( until slide 16) Flashcards
Who discovered the electron?
JJ. Thomson
How did the cathode ray experiment help with Thomsons discovery?
The cathode ray was attracted to the positive plate and reeled from the negative, meaning the ray had a negative charge
What was Thomsons theory?
The negatively charged particles must be apart of the atom, seeing how its mass is 1/2000 of a hydrogen atom.
Why did Ernest Rutherford use gold in his experiment?
Because gold is very malleable, meaning it can be slices into very thin sheets.
What makes up most of the atoms mass?
The positive charge
What was Niels Bohr interested in
Explaining the light emitted from different elements
What is the planetary model and who supposed it?
Niels Bohr; electrons revolve around a positively charges nucleus(like the solar system to the sun)
Planck and Einstein thought what?
Electromagnetic radiation behaved in waves and sometimes like particles called photons
what was the equation for energy of light with electromagnetic radiation
E= nhv ( n= positive integer, h= the constant (6.626×10−34 J⋅s), and v= the frequency of light)
emitted electromagnetic radiation must have…
energies with multiples of hv
Quantization is linked with
the Atomic line spectra
Bohrs discovers of electrons
- elections revolve around a positive nucleus
- electrons orbit at certain energy levels
- electrons gain energy to jump orbitals, and when they lose energy the go down in orbitals emitting photons
The Quantum atomic model of Schrodinger key point
- proposed the idea of treating electrons as waves of matter
An atomic orbital is
a region within the atom where an electron is most likely to be
Schrodinger wave equation does what
does not contain time as a variable but a time independent wave equation
Palis exclusion theory states what?
No two electrons in the same atom can have identical values in all 4 of their quantum numbers
What is a quark?
a type of elementary particle that cannot be broken down any more
What is a hadron?
a subatomic particle made up by 2 or more quarks, held together by a strong interaction.(proton is an example)
What is a lepton?
an elementary particle of half integer spin and does not undergo strong interactions (an electron is an example and can also stand as an individual particle)
Quarks existence was proven by experiments done when?
1967-1973
quarks contain
charges but they’re fractional charges like 1/3 or -1/3(cannot stand as an individual particle)
quarks are fundamental units of matter and combine to make up what?
hadrons which the most stable are protons and neutrons
quarks are the only elementary particle to do what?
experience all 4 fundamental interactions
the proton is made up of what quarks
up(2/3+ up(2/3)+ down(-1/3) equalling a charge of one
The neutron star is…
a different form of matter with such a strong gravity, protons and electrons combine and and form neutrons( stars with 4 to 8 times the suns mass become neutron stars)
what is Aufbau principal state
how protons are added to the nucleus by going up in elements, electrons do the same in orbitals
What is the Hunds Rule?
The lowest energy configuration is the one having the maximum unpaired electrons
what is electron affinity?
an energy change when an electron is added
What is ionization energy
the amount of required energy to remove an electron
