Bio exam weeks 1-5 Flashcards
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What is the definition of Deductive reasoning?
uses general principal of law to forecast specific results
What is the definition of inductive reasoning
uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion
Who was the father of the scientific method
Francis bacon
What is the order of the scientific method
Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, and conclusion.
Who created the theory of spontaneous generation
Aristotle
Who proved spontaneous generation wrong
Louis Pasteur ( life comes from life)
What are the characteristics all life on earth has?
1.) Order ( has cells)
2.) Response to stimuli (Plants moving towards the light)
3.) Reproduction
4.) Adaptation(can change accordingly to their environment)
5.) Growth and Development (will grow up similar to how their parents did physically)
6.) Regulation/ can maintain homeostasis (can maintain internal conditions no matter the environment)
7.) Energy Processing (convert light to energy or food)
8.) Evolution (able to keep up with natural selection)
When was the scientific method created
seventeenth century
The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the
The cell
Francesco Redis experiment did what?
He had three jars with meat inside, one was uncovered and the others were, the ones that were covered had no maggots on it and the one that was not did. It was refuted by many
Why was John Needham experiment proved wrong
His experiment was set up correctly but his broth was not boiled all the way, which in turn did not kill all the microorganisms.
What is the order of an organism
molecule, cell organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, Population, Community, ecosystem, biosphere
what is the stimulus for bacteria to move towards and away from chemicals and light
Light- Phototaxis
Chemicals- chemotaxis
What is a buffer
A solution that slows down the reaction/ resist a reaction so we can see it in real time
Are viruses living?
No viruses are not living because:
- they do not produce energy(metabolize)
- cannot produce cells
- cannot survive without a host
What are viruses?
inert packages on DNA or RNA
Where did viruses come from
There are 3 hypothesis
- escape = genetic element that gained the ability to move between cells
- reduction = ruminate relics of cellular organisms
- virus first = completely not logical but states viruses pre date or coevolved with their host
what are the two types of organelles
Membrane bases (Eukaryotic) and not ( prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells)
what are the five kingdoms of life
Plants, animals, protists, fungi, monera
What are the tree domains of life
After sequencing ribosomal RNA genes Carl Woese depicted Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
What is matter?
Any substance that occupies space and has mass
What is an element
a chemical that’s physical properties cannot be broken down
What is the smallest unit of matter
An atom
what is the mass of protons and neutrons because it is the same
1.67 x 10 -24 grams (which is the atomic mass)
Electrons are…
negatively charges particles and much smaller than protons and neutrons, the mass is 9.11 10^-28
What are quarks and the types
Quarks make up big molecules like protons and are the fundamental building blocks of matter
the types are : Up, down, Charm, strange, top, bottom
What is the difference between and ion and isotopes
Ion- has gained or lost an electron
Isotopes- have different number of protons to neutrons ( naturally occurring isotopes are uranium carbon and potassium)
Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 have…
12- 6P, 6E, 6N= mass of 12
14- 6P, 8N = mass of 14
Antisepsis definition
The use of antiseptics to kill the germs that cause infection, mainly used in surgery, created by Joseph lister