chemistry - matter in our surroundings Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has space, occupies mass and takes up volume.
How is matter classified?
Matter is classified based on its physical properties and chemical nature
What is matter made up of?
matter is made up of tiny particles
list the characteristics of particles of matter
- Particles of matter have space in between them
- Particles of matter are continuously moving
- Particles of matter attract each other
- Diffusion takes place in different substances depending on the type of the substance
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‘particles of matter are continuously moving’ Explain
the particles of matter will be continuously at motion, which means that they possess kinetic energy. The rate at which the particles will be moving will depend on the temperature of the particles. If the temperature of the particles increase, the speed of the particles will increase
What is diffusion
Diffusion is when the particles of matter mix on their own without any assistance.
‘particles of matter attract one another’ Explain
the particles of matter have a force of attraction between them, it varies from one state of matter to another, or on the type of substance
what are the 3 types of matter?
the solid, liquid and the gaseous state.
what is the solid state
solid is a state of matter. It has a definite shape and has a definite volume. It also has a fixed mass
What is the liquid state?
liquid is a state of matter where it does not have a fixed shape but has a fixed volume. It takes up the shape of the container that it is placed in. Liquid is considered fluid.
what is the gaseous state?
the gaseous state has no definite shape but and no definite volume. The volume depends on the container it is in.
describe the rates of diffusion for all the states of matter?
the diffusion rate in liquids is higher in solid.
This is because the liquid state does not have a fixed shape and does not have as much intermolecular attraction as the solid particles.
Hence the particles in the liquid state will move freely as compared to the solid state. Because of this, the rate of diffusion is higher in liquid
however, gas has a higher rate of diffusion than liquid. gas are more highly compressible than solid and liquid. due to the higher speed of particles in gas and more space being in-between them, hence diffusion can take place faster
what does the melting point of a substance indicate
the melting point of a substance indicates the force if attraction between particles
it also indicates the temoreature at which the solid can turn into liquid
what does the melting point of a substance indicate
the melting point of a substance indicates the force if attraction between particles
what is fusion?
fusion is when a substance at the solid state is being converted into liquid state
why does the temperature remain the same when a solid melts?
Even when we are adding more heat to the melting substance, the temperature of the substance will not change. This is because all the heat will be used to overcome the force of attraction between the particles in the substance
what is latent heat of fusion
Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to convert 1kg of solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure. For water, the latent heat of fusion is 334*10^3 J
what is the latent heat of evaporation
latent heat of evaporation the amount of energy required to convert 1kg of liquid into gas. For water, the latent heat of evaporation is 2260*10^3 J
define boiling point
when we heat a substance, the particles in it will start to move faster. As this process continues, a certain temperature is reached where the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction. This temperature at which the substance starts to boil is known as the boiling point.
what phenomenon is boiling
boiling is a bulk phenomenon
: what is sublimation
sublimation is the process where a substance at a solid state will turn into the gaseous state without going through the liquid state
what is evaporation
in the liquid state, the particles at the surface of the substance will have higher kinetic energy than the rest of the substance. Because of this, they are able to break away from the force of attraction of other particles. This phenomenon is known as evaporation. The change of liquid to gas below the boiling point Is known as evaporation
what are the factors that affect the rate of evaporation
- Increased Surface area
- increase in temperature
- decrease in humidity
- increase in wind speed
how does increased surface area affect the rate of evaporation
evaporation is a surface phenomenon. For example, when the cloths are left out to dry, spreading them out will increase the surface area exposed to the surrounding. Because of this, the cloths will dry faster.
