Chemistry Matter Flashcards
Materials are made up of tiny objects called…
particles.
A substance is made up of one type of….
material.
Many materials are mixtures. Name some.
Wood
Milk
Fruit juice
Sea water
Air
A substance is made of one type of material only. Some substances are…
Gold
Pure water
Oxygen
List three factors that give a substance its properties.
What its particles are like
How its particles are arranged
How its particles move around
What is the particle model?
The particle model is a way of thinking about how a substance behaves in terms of its tiny moving or vibrating particles.
How can we use the particle model to explain density?
The density of a substance is how much matter there is in a certain volume, or how heavy it is for its size.
The arrangement of particles also affect density. For example, liquid aluminium has a density lower than the density of solid aluminium - because aluminium particles are less closely packed together in liquid.
The three states of matter are…
solid, liquid or gas.
Identify differences between a substance in the solid and liquid states.
The shape of a solid is fixed. It cannot be compressed and the substance does not flow.
The shape of a liquid changes and the liquid takes the shape of the container. The substances flows, but it cannot be compressed.
How does the particle model explain properties?
The particles of a substance do not change. All water particles are the same in all three states. But the arrangement and movement or particles are different in each state.
State why you cannot compress a liquid.
The particles are in contact with each other, which is why you cannot compress a liquid.
Describe the particles in a solid.
They touch their neighbours and are arranged in a pattern. They do not move around, they only vibrate.
Describe the particles in a liquid.
They are in contact with one another but are not as closely packed as in a solid. The particles move randomly from place to place, sliding over one another which explains why liquids flow and why they have no fixed shape.
Describe the particles in a gas.
They are widely spaced, which explains why they are easy to compress and why the density of a gas is low. The particles move randomly throughout the container which explains why they flow.
Name the two states involved in freezing.
Change from liquid to solid.
Describe what happens to the particles inside a bubble in boiling water.
When water boils, bubbles of steam form all through the liquid. In the liquid the particles touch their neighbours, inside the bubbles, the water particles are spread out.
As the water boils, the steam bubbles rise to the surface of the liquid and escape into the air.
