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Science > Chemistry Elements > Flashcards

Chemistry Elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Element?

A

A pure substance made up of one type of atom.

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2
Q

How many elements occur naturally?

A

98

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3
Q

How many elements are man-made?

A

20

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4
Q

Name three elements in a smart phone

A

Gold
Lithium
Tin

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5
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A one or two letter code for an element.
Scientists all over the world use them.
Some codes come from there latin names e.g Au for Gold

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6
Q

What is an Atom?

A

The smallest part of an element that exists. can either be Negatively or Positively charged.

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7
Q

The smallest part of an element that can exist is called an ____.

A

Atom

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8
Q

All Atoms of an element are the ____.

A

Same

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9
Q

The atoms of one element are _________ to the atoms of another element

A

Different

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10
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance made of atoms of two or more elements. The atoms are strongly joined together.
The atoms are chemically bonded. E.g H2O: Water

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11
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms strongly joined together. Most non-metals and compounds of non-metals, exist as small or giant molecules
E.g Oxygen,Hydrogen, Water.

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12
Q

Why does salt not smell or poison you or make your mouth fizz?

A

In salt, the atoms of sodium and chlorine, are not just mixed up.
They are joined together to make one substance called sodium chloride.
This compound has different properties than the elements in it.

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13
Q

Carbon Dioxide has __ grams of carbon for every __ grams of Oxygen

A

12
32

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14
Q

Carbon Monoxide has __ grams of carbon for every __ grams of Oxygen

A

12
16

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15
Q

Compounds made up of Oxygen and another element have two word names. the second word is _____.

A

Oxide

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16
Q

Name the compound of Sodium and Chlorine.

A

Sodium Chloride.

17
Q

What is a Chemical formula?

A

A chemical formula shows the elements present in a compound. It also shows the relative number of atoms of each element in the compound.

18
Q

What is the relative number?

A

It shows how many of one type of atom there is compared to another.
E.g. Carbon Dioxide is CO2. This shows there is one carbon atom for every two oxygen atoms.

19
Q

A hydroxide includes ________ and ______ atoms.

A

Hydrogen and Oxygen
The formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH

20
Q

A nitrate includes ________and ______ atoms.

A

Nitrogen and Oxygen
The formula of sodium nitrate is NaNO3.

21
Q

A sulfate includes ______ and ______ atoms.

A

Sulfur and Oxygen
The formula of copper sulfate is CuSO4

23
Q

A carbonate includes ______ and ______ atoms.

A

Carbon and Oxygen
The formula of calcium carbonate is CaCO3

24
Q

Write down three elements that make up Copper Sulfate.

A

Copper
Oxygen
Sulfur

25
Q

What does a chemical formula show?

A

The elements present in a compound. It also shows the relative number of atoms of each element.

26
Q

What is the relative number of an atom?

A

Relative number means how many of one type of atom there are compared to others.

Eg: CO2 - carbon dioxide.
One Carbon atom for every two oxygen atoms.

27
Q

What are polymers?

A

A polymer is a substance with very long molecules. A polymer molecule has identical groups of atoms, repeated many times.

28
Q

Name some natural polymers.

A

Wool - sheep make wool. Wool fibres trap air between them.

Rubber trees - make rubber. Rubber molecules are long and bendy so they can slide over each other. So rubber is flexible, waterproof and durable. These properties make it suitable for tyres.

29
Q

Name some synthetic polymers.

A

Plastics such as poly(ethene) and PVC.

30
Q

What is poly(ethene)?

A

It is the scientific name for polythene

LDPE - low density poly(ethene) molecules slide over one another - makes it flexible. LDPE is strong. Used for carrier bags.

HDPE - high density PE is harder and LDPE. Its surfaces can be very smooth. Is used in artificial knee joints, which also include metal such as titanium.

31
Q

Does poly(ethene) break down?

A

No, it does not wear down or break down (decay) naturally. This is important for artificial knee joints but makes it hard to get rid of carrier bags.

32
Q

How do polymer properties depend on their molecules?

A

Polymer molecules are relative big and heavy. This means that they melt at higher temperatures than substances with smaller molecules.

33
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

Shows all the elements, grouped together with similar properties.

34
Q

In the periodic table, vertical columns are called..

A

groups

35
Q

In the periodic table, horizontal columns are called…

A

periods.

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