Chemistry L3

Question 1

is the chemistry of life.

Answer 1

Biochemistry

Question 2

Plants, animals and all other living things are made up of organic molecules which are organized into larger molecules, known as ___________

Answer 2

biomolecules.

Question 3

A _______________ is a biomolecule that has either a ketone group or an aldehyde group, as well as the presence of many groups of hydroxyls.

Answer 3

carbohydrate

Question 4

Carbohydrates are composed of ______, ________, and _______.

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Question 5

The most abundant biomolecules in the biosphere.

Answer 5

carbohydrate

Question 6

________ _______ cannot be converted into smaller groups.

Answer 6

Simple sugars

Question 7

_______ ______ are made up of long chains of simple sugars.

Answer 7

Complex sugars

Question 8

simple sugars are the basic building blocks of large carbohydrate molecules.

Answer 8

MONOSACCHARIDES

Question 8

____ is called “blood sugar”

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

________ is found in fruits

Answer 9

Fructose

Question 10

Sucrose is glucose and fructose

Answer 10

DISSACHARIDES

Question 11

_______ often called “milk sugar”

Answer 11

Lactose

Question 12

________ present in malt the grain used in brewing beer

Answer 12

Maltose

Question 13

________ (found in animals) is more branched compared to starch (found in plants).

Answer 13

Glycogen

Question 14

_____ is made from a long chain of a glucose derivative. Found in shellfish such as crabs and shrimps.

Answer 14

Chitin

Question 15

_______ is the material that makes up plant cell walls. Used in paper making, rayon or photographic films.

Answer 15

Cellulose

Question 16

FUNCTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES

Some of the most basic sources of energy of organisms are in the form of _________

Answer 16

CARBOHYDRATES

Question 17

________ were once thought of as biomolecules representing the “beginning” of life.

Answer 17

PROTEINS

Question 18

The word proteins comes from the Greek work ________ which means first.

Answer 18

proteious

Question 19

______ _____ are a protein’s building blocks.

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

building blocks of protein contain two functional groups

Answer 20

1.Basic amino group
2. acidic carboxylic group.

Question 21

There are __ amino acids commonly found in proteins. They differ from each other due to their different R groups or side chains.

Answer 21

20

Question 22

notable proteins used for immunity are the _________

Answer 22

antibodies.

Question 23

________ are biological catalysts that act to make the reaction take place more rapidly.

Answer 23

Enzymes

Question 24

Proteins perform the function of __________

Answer 24

transporting

Question 25

The body uses proteins like _____ and ______ to allow muscles to contract and generate movement.

Answer 25

actin and myosin

Question 26

The building blocks of nucleic acids are called _______

Answer 26

nucleotides

Question 27

The five-carbon sugar component of a nucleotide can either be a _____ or a __________

Answer 27

ribose and deoxyribose.

Question 28

___ is a double-stranded structure,

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

The primary function of DNA is to carry _______ _________.

Answer 29

genetic information.

Question 30

This information is stored within the __________ __ ___________.

Answer 30

sequences of nucleotides.

Question 31

___ is comprised only of one strand.

Answer 31

RNA

Question 32

FUNCTIONS OF RNA 1. is the most abundant type of RNA. It is primarily associated with the cell’s ribosomes. 2.is the smallest in terms of size. These are primarily used for the synthesis of proteins. 3.plays a major role in the process of translation. It serves as the copy of information in DNA that can be translated into an amino acid sequence.

Answer 32

1.rRNA, also known as ribosomal RNA 2.tRNA, also known as transfer RNA 3.mRNA, also known as messenger RNA

Question 33

______ have a very varied structure

Answer 33

Lipids

Question 34

PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS Lipids are known to be ____________ or _____-______.

Answer 34

hydrophobic or water-insoluble (They are, however, lipophilic or soluble in nonpolar solvents like hexane.)

Question 35

Lipids are more classified based on ________ ________ than chemical structure

Answer 35

physical behavior

Question 36

One application of fats is ______ production. (________)

Answer 36

soap (saponification)

Question 37

Soap is made up of fatty acid and a strong base which is ___________ ________

Answer 37

sodium hydroxide

Question 38

The most common soap that can be found in personal care products is ________ ________

Answer 38

sodium stearate

Question 39

-The most abundant -Also called triglycerides

Answer 39

Fats and Oils

Question 40

-Insoluble in water -Serve as protective covering in plants against microorganisms

Answer 40

B. Waxes

Question 41

-Lecithin is an example of _____________ found in egg yolk and soybeans.

Answer 41

Phospholipids

Question 42

-Cholesterol is a ____ formed in brain tissue, nerve tissue and blood and is the major component found in gallstones.

Answer 42

Steroids

Question 43

______ two fused rings,

Answer 43

purines

Question 44

__________ composed of one ring.

Answer 44

pyrimidines