Chemistry (ionic Bonding)

Question 1

Ionic bonding-

Answer 1

When a metal and a non-metal react together, the metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion and the non-metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion. These oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic forces.

Question 2

Ionic compounds have a regular lattice structure

Answer 2

Ionic compounds always have giant ionic lattice structures. The ions form a closely packed regular lattice. These are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, in all directions.

Question 3

Covalent bonds-

Answer 3

A covalent bond is a strong bond that forms when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms. Simple molecular substances are made up of molecules containing a few atoms joined by covalent bonds.

Question 4

Giant covalent structures-

Answer 4

1. In giant covalent structures, all the atoms are bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds.
2. They have a very high melting and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the covalent bonds.
3. They generally don’t contain charged particles, so they don’t conduct electricity.
4. They aren’t soluble in water.
5. The following examples are all carbon-based giant covalent structures.

Question 5

Electrical conductivity-

Answer 5

Ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water. They do not conduct electricity when they are in the solid state.

Question 6

Intermolecular forces-

Answer 6

Weak forces of attraction between molecules.

Question 7

Polymers

Answer 7

Monomers are small, simple molecules that can be joined in a chain to form a polymer.

Question 8

Allotropes-

Answer 8

Different structural forms of the same element

Question 9

Metallic bonding-

Answer 9

Is the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negative delocalised electrons.

Question 10

Ionic properties:

Answer 10

High melting/boiling points
Many are soluble in water
Conduct electricity when liquid or in solution but do not when solid.

Question 11

Simple molecular (covalent) properties:

Answer 11

Low melting/boiling points
A few are soluble in water
Most do not conduct electricity

Question 12

Giant covalent properties

Answer 12

High melting/boiling points
Insoluble in water
Most do not conduct electricity (except in carbon as graphite)

Question 13

Metallic properties:

Answer 13

High melting/boiling points
Insoluble in water
Conduct electricity when solid or liquid.