Chemistry (atomic structure)

Question 1

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

Answer 1

Proton, electron, neutron

Question 2

Relative charge=

Answer 2

Proton= +1 (positive)
Electron= -1 (negative)
Neutron= 0 (no charge)

Question 3

Relative mass=

Answer 3

Proton= 1
Electron= 1/1835 (negligible)
Neutron= 1

Question 4

The nucleus-

Answer 4

1. It’s I. The middle of the atom
2. It contains protons and neutrons
3. It has a positive charge.
4. almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
5. Compared to the overall size of the atom, the nucleus is tiny.

Question 5

The electrons-

Answer 5

1. Electrons move around the nucleus in the electron shells.
2. They’re negatively charged.
3. They’re tiny, but their shells cover a lot of space.
4. The size of their shells determines the size of the atom. Atoms have a radius (known as the atomic radius) of about 10(to the power of -10)
   5 Electrons have a tiny mass.

Question 6

23
Na
11

Answer 6

Top number= mass number

Bottom number= atomic number

Question 7

Mass number= protons and neutrons

Answer 7

Atomic number= protons only

Question 8

Isotopes-

Answer 8

Are different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
They have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 9

Relative atomic mass-

Answer 9

The relative atomic mass of an element is the average mass of one atom of the element, compared to 1/12 of the mass of one atom of carbon-12

Question 10

Isotopic abundance-

Answer 10

Overall proportions

Question 11

How to work out the relative atomic mass of an element…

Answer 11

Multiply each relative isotopic mass by its isotopic abundance, and add up the results.
Divide by the sum of the abundances.

Question 12

Electron shell rules:

Answer 12

1st shell= 2 electrons
2nd shell= 8 electrons
3rd shell= 8 electrons.