Chemistry in the Home Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. It can be divided into pure and impure substances

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2
Q

Define atoms

A

Atoms are the building blocks of matter. They are neutrally charged and are made of three subatomic particles

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3
Q

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom

A

Protons- positively charged
Neutrons- neutrally charged
Electrons- negatively charged

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4
Q

Define an element

A

-Pure substance
-One type of atom
-Cannot be physically separated
-Homogenous

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5
Q

Define a compound

A

-Made up of two or more atoms that are different
- example water (H20)

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6
Q

Define a molecule

A
  • two or more of the same atoms
  • chemically bonded
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7
Q

Define a mixture

A

-Made up of two or more elements or compounds
-Not chemically bonded together
- Can be physically separated
-e.g. saltwater (salt and water can be separated)

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8
Q

Compare ionic and covalent compounds

A

Ionic compounds gain or lose electron (I own it)
Covalent compounds involves the sharing of electrons (co-operate)

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9
Q

Describe the use of indicators

A

Indicators are substance whose solution changes colour due to the change in pH level. The signal how acidic or basic a substance is through colour.

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10
Q

State the pH range for acid, base and neutral substance.

A

Acid- 0-6
Neutral- 7
Base- 8-14

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11
Q

What happens to the atoms during a chemical reaction

A

-Bonds are broken
-Atoms are rearranged

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12
Q

State the Law of Conservation of Mass

A

“Mass can neither be created nor destroyed”
(during a chemical reaction)

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13
Q

Neutralisation general equation

A

Acid + base -> salt + water

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14
Q

Acid and carbonate general equation

A

Acid + carbonate -> salt + water +carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Acid and metal general equation

A

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

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16
Q

How does the concentration of reactants affect the rate of reaction

A

-More collisions of atoms
-Faster reaction

17
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of reaction

A
  • Higher temperatures make the atoms move faster
  • More collisions
  • Faster reactions
18
Q

How does the surface area of reactants affect the rate of reaction

A
  • Particles are exposed to more reactants
  • Greater chance of particles reacting
  • Faster reaction
19
Q

How does a catalyst affect the rate of reaction

A

-Reduces the amount of energy required for the reaction to start
- Reaction can take place over a shorter amount of time