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Latin Conjunctions > Chemistry Flashcards 3 - > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards 3 -

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1
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

Test for hydrogen?

The test for CO2?

A
  • It relights a glowing splint if oxygen is present
  • a squeaky-pop is heard if hydrogen is present
  • When bubbling through limewater it turns cloudy if CO2 is present
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2
Q

What is the formula for the mass of the element or compound?

A
  • The number of moles in a sample x Mr
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3
Q

What group has the reactivity series?

A

Group 1

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4
Q

What is the collision theory? (Two)

A
  • A reaction can only take place when particles (atoms, ions and molecules) of reactants come together
  • The reacting particles must bump into each other with enough energy to cause a chemical reaction to take place.
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5
Q

When are reactions more likely to happen between reactant particles? (Two)

A
  • Increase the frequency of collisions between reacting particles
  • Increase the energy the reacting particles have when they collide
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6
Q

What 3 techniques are used to collect ‘rate of reaction’ data?

A
  • Measuring the decreasing mass of a reaction mixture
  • Measuring the increasing volume of a gas given off
  • Measuring the decreasing light passing through a solution
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7
Q

How does surface area affect the rate of reaction? (Two)

A
  • The larger the surface area of a solid reactant, the faster the rate of reaction
  • Because more surface area of the solid reactant will be exposed to the other reactant (more collisions per second)
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8
Q

How does the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction? (Two)

A
  • The higher the concentration of a liquid reactant, the faster rate of reaction
  • Because there are more reactant particles in the given volume, resulting in a higher number of collisions
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9
Q

How does the pressure of a reactant affect the rate of reaction? (Two)

A
  • If a reaction involves gases then the higher the pressure, the faster the rate of reaction
  • Because there are more reactant particles, resulting in more collisions
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10
Q

How does the temperature of a reactant affect the rate of reaction? (Two)

A
  • The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of reaction
  • Because the reactant particles have more kinetic energy resulting in a higher number of collisions
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11
Q

How does the presence of a catalyst affect the rate of reaction? (Two)

A
  • A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the reaction without being involved in the reaction itself
  • They speed up the reaction because a catalyst lowers the activation energy, resulting in a higher number of collisions
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12
Q

concentration equation?

A

Concentration = mass/volume

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13
Q

Why is electrolysis used to extract some metals?

A

To separate metal ions from a solution or molten substance and deposit them as pure metal at the electrodes

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14
Q

What are the properties of crude oil? (Two)

A
  • Black, sticky, smelly liquid
  • A mixture of hydrocarbons
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15
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only!

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16
Q

How is crude oil formed? (Four stages)

A
  • Plankton (tiny, marine creatures) died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. (takes millions of years)
  • These formed a marine deposit
  • The layer of plankton got covered by sand/mud removing oxygen
  • Heat and pressure turned mud into sedimentary rock - thus plankton turns into crude oil.
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17
Q

Test for alkenes

A

Bromine water and goes clear

18
Q

How and where can crude oil be separated? (Two)

A
  • Crude oil can be separated into different hydrocarbons by fractional distillation
  • This occurs in a fractioning column/fractionating tower
19
Q

What are the alkane key points? (three)

A
  • They are found naturally all mixed up in crude oil
  • The alkanes are hydrocarbons - they contain carbon and hydrogen only
  • All alkanes only contain single carbon-carbon bonds, so are described as saturated
20
Q

What is the formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

21
Q

The bigger the alkane… (Four)

A
  • The higher the boiling point
  • The more viscous it is (thick and sticky)
  • The less flammable
  • The less easily it evaporates into a gas
22
Q

What is oxidation?

What is combustion? What does it require?

A

The gaining of oxygen by a substance

Special oxidation reaction, in which substances react with oxygen (burning - requires oxygen, fuel and heat).

23
Q

What is the test for water?

A

White anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue when it comes into contact with water

24
Q

What are the structures of ionic compounds?

A

Giant lattice structures

25
Q

Draw a Sodium ion

A

Do it

26
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A rod of metal or graphite through which an electric

27
Q

What is an anode?

A

The positive electrode of an electrolysis cell

28
Q

What is a cathode

A

The negative electrode of an electrolysis cell

29
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion which is attracted to the cathode

30
Q

What is an Anion?

A

A negatively charged ion which is attracted to the anode

31
Q

What is the structure of a giant ionic lattice?

What is an ionic solid?

A

It has a repeating structural pattern. The attractive electrostatic forces between the oppositely charged ions act in all directions. This holds the ions together in the lattice shape.

Ions are fixed in position in a giant lattice. They vibrate but can’t move around. IT DOES NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY

32
Q

What is an isotope?

What are the properties

A

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Isotopes have identical chemical properties but different physical properties

33
Q

What is a mole?

What is the formula for the mass of moles in a sample?

A

A mole of a substance is either its relative atomic mass or relative formula mass

mass of that element or compound / Mr

34
Q

What is the theory of conservation of mass?

What are these?
1). HCl
2). H2SO4
3). HNO3

A

This states that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction will always equal the total mass of the products

1). Hydrochloric acid
2). Sulfuric acid
3). Nitric acid

35
Q

Work out the Relative formula mass for Carbon Dioxide

A

Carbon dioxide = CO2
Ar of Ca = 12 x 1 = 12
Ar of O = 16 x 2 = 32
12+32 = 44
The RFM = 44 (Mr)

36
Q

Work out the percentage mass of O in SO3

A

Mr of SO3 = 32 + 16 x 3 = 80
100 x (16 x 3)/80 = 60%

37
Q

What is covalent bonding?

How do we draw covalent bonds?

Draw the diagram for two chlorine atoms

A

Covalent bonding occurs when atoms of non-metals share electrons to form covalent molecules

Dot + cross diagrams

Draw

38
Q

How many moles in 42.5g of Ammonia

A

42.5/ 14 x (3 x 1)
42.5 / 17 = 2.5 moles of ammonia in the 42.5g

39
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is formed when elements chemically react together to form a new substance

40
Q

Draw the structure of an atom

A

Draw

41
Q

Magnesium + sulfuric acid = ?

A

Magnesium sulfate + Hydrogen

Latin Conjunctions (35 decks)

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