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Latin Conjunctions > Biology Flashcard 2 - pathogens, DNA, cells, microscopes > Flashcards

Biology Flashcard 2 - pathogens, DNA, cells, microscopes

1
Q

What causes these:
1). Measles
2). Salmonella
3). Rose black spot
4). Malaria

A
  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
  • fungi
  • protist
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2
Q

What are the pros and cons of vaccines?

A

pros: - protection from diseases
- control of common diseases
- prevents outbreaks

cons:
- don’t always work
- bad reactions

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3
Q

What does unspecialised mean?

What are these cells called?

A

Each one of them can become any type of cell that is needed

  • Stem cells
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4
Q

What is the name of the process of them becoming specialised

A

Differentiation

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5
Q

Why do cells need to divide (Three)

A

To repair damaged or worn out cells
To grow (e.g. bones or muscles)
asexual reproduction - some organisms clone themselves.

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6
Q

What is a section of DNA called

A

A gene

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7
Q

What is DNA packed into?

A

Chromosomes

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8
Q

What are the last two chromosones
A). male
B). Female

A
  • XY
  • XX
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9
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs

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10
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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11
Q

What is active transport? What does it do?

A

The movement of molecules across different cell membranes
Active transport moves substances from a dilute solution to a more concentred solution

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12
Q

Name a difference between diffusion and active transport

A

Active transport needs energy to move up and down the concentration gradient whereas diffusion doesn’t need any

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13
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration via a semipermeable membrane

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14
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane?

A

Barrier that lets small particles through but not the bigger particles

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15
Q

What is the definition of diffusion

A

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from high C to low C

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16
Q

Examples of diffusion in living organisms: (Two)

A
  • Oxygen moves from high C in the alveoli to low C in the blood
  • CO2 moves from high concentration in the blood to a low concentration in the alveoli
17
Q

How is a sperm cell adapted to its function (Three)

A
  • Long tail for swimming
  • Large nucleus for chromosomes
  • Many mitochondria to release energy that the cell needs to swim
18
Q

How is a muscle cell adapted to its function (Two)

A
  • They store glycogen which can be broken down into glucose (for exercise)
  • They have many mitochondria for energy
19
Q

List all the functions of the components of a cell (Eight)

A
  • Nucleus (controls the cell and contains all the DNA for the cell)
  • The cytoplasm is where all the chemical reactions are
  • The cell membrane (this controls what enters and leaves the cell)
  • Mitochondria - generates chemical energy
  • Ribosomes - to make proteins (protein synthesis)
  • cell wall - made of cellulose and forms shape of the cell
  • Chloroplasts - contains chlorphyll for photosynthesis
  • vacuole - gives structure to the cell and contains cell sap
20
Q

What are the differences between a Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic? (Three)

A
  • Prokaryots are unicellular and Eukaryots are multi cellular
  • E are a lot bigger
  • P don’t have a nucleus
21
Q

What is resolving power?

A

Resolution is how well the microscope distinguishes between two points that are close together

22
Q

What are the three types of microscopes?

A
  • Light microscope
  • Scanning electron
  • Transmission electron
23
Q

What are the advantages of a light microscope and how does it work

A

They are cheap and can be used anywhere
They use a beam of light to form the image

24
Q

What are the advantages of an electron microscope and how does it work

A

Use a beam of electrons
Give 2D images and higher resolution

25
Q

What are the three stages of cell division

A
  • One: cell grows bigger, clones its DNA to form two copies of each chromosome
  • Two: Mitosis - the nucleus divides into two
  • Three - cytoplasm divides into two new identical cells.
26
Q

What are the steps of mitosis (Five)

A

-( A body cell contains two pairs of chromosomes)
- Chromosomes duplicate
- All line up on the equator of the cell
- Chromosomes separate
- Cells split into two identical cells

27
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The conditions inside your body are known as its internal environment and this needs to be controlled carefully

28
Q

What is the nervous system made up of (Three)

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • nerves
29
Q
A

Latin Conjunctions (35 decks)

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